中国语境下罪量独立的新限制从属性说之提倡  

A Study on New Restrictive Subordination Theory of Independent Quantitative Elements of Crime in a Chinese Context

作　　者：汪雪城 WANG Xue-cheng

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学法学院

出　　处：《当代法学》2024年第5期99-111,共13页Contemporary Law Review

基　　金：2020年教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“行为人刑法理论在定罪中的再生与限制研究”(20YJA820002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：根据我国“立法定性+定量”的犯罪化模式,构成要件包括行为类型和罪量标准,分别对应定性违法性和定量违法性;而在共同犯罪中,正犯与共犯的连接基础仅限于不法类型而不包括不法程度,共犯的罪量具有独立性。因而,共犯从属性仅指行为类型和定性违法性的从属,我国语境下的限制从属性说也应修正为:只有当正犯符合构成要件的行为类型并具有定性违法性时,共犯才能成立,之后再依照其自身罪量程度及罪量标准进行定量判断,此即“罪量独立的新限制从属性说”。据此,既肯定无正犯的共犯,又肯定无共犯的正犯,但二者的成立范围有所不同。基于新限制从属性说,可以澄清学界对所谓共犯正犯化立法的误读,将共犯形态立法还原为共犯形态本身为正犯行为、共犯型预备行为实行化及共犯行为的罪量差异化三种类型,进而解决立法和司法层面的疑难问题。Based on the criminalization model of“legislative qualitative+legislative quantitative”in China,the constitutive elements include behavior type and quantitative standard of crime,which correspond to qualitative illegality and quantitative illegality respectively.According to the theory of restrictive subordination,accomplice can be established only if perpetrator conforms to the constitutive elements and has illegality.Therefore,the theory of restrictive subordination includes the content of quantitative elements of crime,which has the subordination in China.However,such theory is causing many problems.In terms of criminal legislation,there is a paradox that perpetrator is not guilty,but the accomplice is charged in Chinese criminal law.Furthermore,the conducts of accomplice are committed separately with conviction standards independently.In terms of judicial application,the paradox is still existing when perpetrator does not reach the crime standard,but the accomplice may reach the crime standard at the same time because of the accumulation of quantities of illegalities or the lowering of the conviction threshold,which resulting in punishment loopholes according to the standard of restrictive subordination theory.Many solutions have been proposed by academic community,but none of them can completely solve the above problems.In this regard,we should reconsider the distinction between perpetrator and accomplice,make it clear that the connection about these two types of criminals is limited to the type of illegality but excluding the degree of illegality.It means that the quantitative elements of crime of accomplice is independent.Therefore,the theory of accomplice subordination only refers to the subordination of behavior type and qualitative illegality,and the restrictive subordination theory in China should also be revised that only when the perpetrator meets the behavior type of the constitutive elements and his or her behavior has qualitative illegality,the crime of accomplice can be admitted.Futhermore,th

关 键 词：新限制从属性说 罪量独立性 不法类型 罪量标准 共犯形态立法 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]