强制性规定适用规范:全球立法模式与我国适用现状  

Global Legislative Models in the Application of Overriding Mandatory Rules and Its Judicial Application in China

作　　者：赵运成 ZHAO Yun-cheng

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《当代法学》2024年第5期136-148,共13页Contemporary Law Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“反外国制裁法的司法适用研究”(23AFX024)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：比较全球61个强制性规定适用规范的法条发现,法院地强制性规定适用规范和第三国强制性规定适用规范的立法模式完全不同。实证分析我国法院适用《法律适用法》第4条法院地强制性规定适用规范的167份裁判文书发现,部分法院将适用前提异化为涉外民事关系、适用方法异化为单独引用该条、适用结果异化为准据法是中国法。为此立法上应界定第4条中的强制性规定,并适时引入第三国强制性规定适用规范;司法上应将第4条的适用前提纠为强制性规定、适用方法纠为直接适用、适用结果纠为涉外民事法律行为效力的评价。Overriding mandatory rules in Private International Law protects public interests of a domestic country,especially for political,social and economic interest.From the perspective of the global world,it can be found 14 International Conventions and 43 Domestic Laws provide 61 provisions of overriding mandatory rules.After comparing these 61 provisions,the article points out the different legislative patterns between overriding mandatory rules of the forum and overriding mandatory rules of the third country.Regarding the former one,the requirement of its application is to decide which domestic rules can be overriding mandatory rules.Meanwhile,the courts have the responsibility to apply these overriding mandatory rules directly without considering any conflict of laws,and the method of such direct application in worldwide legislation can be divided into mode of active generalization and mode of negative exception.Regarding the latter one,the requirement of its application must be satisfied the needs of space limitations of the third countries,such as the third countries have close connections with the cases.Also,in considering whether to give effect to these overriding mandatory rules of third countries,the courts have the discretion to decide by taking into account single or multiple factors,such as their nature and purpose and the consequences of their application or non-application.Then,from the perspective of judicial practice in China,empirical analysing 167 judgements which applied Article 4 overriding mandatory rules of the forum in Law of the People's Republic of China on Choice of Law for Foreign-related Civil Relationships,it can be found that some Chinese courts wrongly changed the application premise into foreign civil relationship,application method into citing Article 4 individually,application consequence into that applicable law is Chinese law.The main contributing factor of the above-mentioned three kinds of judicial aberrance is that some Chinese courts have ignored the two special characters of Ar

关 键 词：强制性规定适用规范 法律适用法 涉外民事法律关系 

分 类 号：D997[政治法律—国际法学]