中国“葫芦形”分配格局及演进的进一步讨论  

Further Discussion on the“Gourd-Shaped”Distribution Pattern and Its Evolution in China

作　　者：陈宗胜[1] 杨希雷 黄杏子 Chen Zongsheng;Yang Xilei;Huang Xingzi(School of Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin;China Institute of Wealth and Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin;School of Economics,Shandong Women's University,Jinan)

机构地区：[1]南开大学中国财富经济研究院 [2]山东女子学院经济学院 [3]南开大学经济学院

出　　处：《经济社会体制比较》2024年第4期36-48,共13页Comparative Economic & Social Systems

基　　金：南开大学中国财富经济研究院重大科研项目(项目编号:CFJJ&202110)。

摘　　要：文章从农村、城镇及全国总体的角度,以多种方法相互校正比较,进一步证明了中国的总体分配格局已经并将继续呈现为“葫芦形”格局。“葫芦形”是在城乡二元经济体制条件下,在城乡经济发展水平逐步提高与居民收入差距不断变动中形成的。相比前期“金字塔形”格局,“葫芦形”格局是一个进步,其中中等收入群体有较大增加,但距离“橄榄形”格局对中等收入群体的要求还有很大差距,且如果其长期固化可能阻碍分配格局最终转化为“橄榄形”。因此中国今后的重要任务,是努力提高“葫芦形”格局中低收入主众数组的收入水平并缩小其规模,相应扩大中等收入群体为主的次众数组比重,从而逐步形成统一的主众数组,扩大其规模而逐步趋于“橄榄形”格局。这是一个综合推进的过程,要不断改革城乡二元经济体制,适时调整分配政策,更要加快经济增长与发展,奠定足够深厚的物质基础,其中加快提高农村居民收入水平、促进其进入中等收入群体,是实现“橄榄形”分配格局和全面共同富裕的重点。This paper elucidates the evolution of China's distribution pattern,revealing its transformation into a“gourd-shaped”structure,a trend that continues to develop.Utilizing data from the National Bureau of Statistics and various micro-survey databases,the analysis employs multiple measurement methods to cross-calibrate and contrast perspectives from rural,urban,and national viewpoints.The“gourd shape”emerges within the framework of China's dualistic economic system,influenced by the gradual enhancement of urban and rural economic development levels and the dynamic income disparities among residents.The“gourd-shaped”pattern signifies progress compared to the previous pyramid-shaped distribution,yet it remains distant from the ideal“olive-shaped”model.Its prolonged entrenchment may hinder the ultimate transition towards an olive-shaped distribution.While the middle-income group within the gourd pattern has expanded significantly,a considerable gap persists when measured against the aspirations of the olive pattern.Thus,a crucial objective for China moving forward is to elevate income levels and diminish the size of the predominant low-income group within the“gourd-shaped”pattern.This involves expanding the proportion of secondary groups,primarily the middle-income demographic,to gradually form a unified main group,which should grow in size to align more closely with the olive pattern.Achieving this transformation necessitates comprehensive and ongoing reforms of the dualistic economic system and institutions,timely adjustments in distribution policies,and accelerated economic growth and development to establish a robust material foundation.Central to this process is the accelerated increase in rural residents'income levels and their integration into the middle-income group,which is pivotal for realizing the“olive”pattern and achieving common prosperity in its fullest sense.

关 键 词：收入分配 分配格局 城乡差别 中等收入群体 共同富裕 

分 类 号：F124.7[经济管理—世界经济]