第二战场的博弈:战时中国留学救济制度演变探析(1933-1939)  

Combats on the Second Battlefield: The RC Government’s Wartime Relief System for Overseas Chinese Students( 1933-1939)

作　　者：胡振宇 叶青[1] HU Zhen-yu;YE Qing(School of Social History,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学社会历史学院,福建福州350117

出　　处：《华侨华人历史研究》2024年第3期87-96,共10页Journal of Overseas Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：基于相关档案资料,论文探讨了抗战时期中国留学救济制度的演变及其社会影响。留学救济制度原本为应急措施,因日本侵华战争的影响,逐渐演变为以政府为主导的固定制度,涵盖情况调查、政策制定、海外救济与归国安置等多个方面。该制度不仅有效缓解了战时海外留学生的经济困境,遏制了人才流失,还为日后政府救济留欧学生提供了参考蓝本,并一定程度上改善了近代中国留学教育的失序状态。战时留学救济制度的演变,既是中国政府针对日本文化教育侵略所采取的部分因应措施,又是战时中国政府在留学教育层面与日伪争夺沦陷区高等人才,配合持久抗战国策的第二战场博弈。Based on relevant archival materials,this paper examines the development of Chinese official relief for overseas Chinese students during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.Due to Japan’s invasion of China,thousands of overseas Chinese students suddenly fell into various difficulties and sought relief from the Chinese Government.To cater for their needs,the RC Government revised the existing relief system and introduced some new measures that combined official reports on overseas Chinese students,formulation of specific policies on them,and settlement for those who returned to China.To some extent,this new relief system not only alleviated the plight of wartime overseas students,but also curbed China’s brain drain.It thus became a reference blueprint for China to provide with official relief to those Chinese students in Europe after the war broke out there.Overall,this relief system was particularly meaningful throughout the war.On the one hand,it retained the order of modern China’s overseas education.On the other hand,it assisted with China’s combats against the Japanese cultural and educational aggressions,which made a second battlefield on which China competed with Japan and its puppet reigns for higher talents,especially for those originating from occupied areas.

关 键 词：抗战时期 留学生 救济制度 第二战场 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学] G648.9[历史地理—中国史]