精密机床导轨装配误差一致性工艺控制方法研究  

Research on control technology of consistency of guide rail assembly error of precision machine tool

作　　者：孙光明 杨景景 张大卫[1] 石一光 李志军[5] SUN Guangming;YANG Jingjing;ZHANG Dawei;SHI Yiguang;LI Zhijun(Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;School of Control and Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin Chengjian University,Tianjin 300192,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronical System Design and Intelligent Control,Tianjin University of Technology,Tianjin 300384,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education,Tianjin University of Technology,Tianjin 300384,China;State Key Laboratory of Engines,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学机构理论与装备设计教育部重点实验室,天津300072 [2]天津城建大学控制与机械工程学院,天津300192 [3]天津理工大学天津市先进机电系统设计与智能控制重点实验室,天津300384 [4]天津理工大学机电工程国家级实验教学示范中心,天津300384 [5]天津大学内燃机燃烧学国家重点实验室,天津300072

出　　处：《天津理工大学学报》2024年第4期29-34,共6页Journal of Tianjin University of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21106107)。

摘　　要：为了提高精密机床导轨装配误差的一致性,提出了基于工艺过程控制的导轨装配方法。首先,提出了基于“镜像”反变形法的单导轨装配误差控制方法,根据导轨误差的影响因素,采取反向刮研导轨基面的方法来提高单导轨的装配精度,给出了导轨基面的刮研形状和刮研数值的计算方法。其次,提出了基于“跨桥法”的双导轨装配误差控制方法,通过测量基准导轨和从动导轨之间的相对误差,计算出从动导轨安装基面的调整量。最后进行了实验验证,结果表明,运用所提方法,单导轨的直线度误差从13.2μm降低到4.2μm,双导轨在垂直方向的相对误差从14.5μm降低到4.5μm,水平方向的相对误差从20.3μm降低到6.2μm。研究结果对机床精度设计和装配误差的控制具有指导意义。In order to improve the consistency of guide rail assembly accuracy of precision machine tools,a guide rail assembly method based on process control is proposed.Firstly,a single guide rail assembly error control method based on the"mirror image"anti deformation principle is proposed.According to the influence factors of the guide rail error,the method of reverse scraping the guide rail base surface to improve the assembly accuracy of the single guide rail is proposed.The scraping shape and scraping value of the guide rail base surface are systematically analyzed.Then,the double guide rail assembly error control method based on"bridge crossing method"is proposed.The scraping value of the base surface of the driven guide rail is calculated by measuring the relative error between the reference guide rail and the driven guide rail.Finally,the experimental verification is carried out.The results show that the straightness error of the single guide rail is reduced from 13.2μm down to 4.2μm.The relative error of the double guide rail is reduced from 14.5μm to 4.5μm in the vertical direction,and reduced from 20.3μm to 6.2μm in the horizontal direction.The research results provide experimental basis for the precision design and assembly error control of machine tools.

关 键 词：精密机床 导轨 装配误差 一致性 

分 类 号：TH122[机械工程—机械设计及理论]