2022年中国重点流域水源水及饮用水中农药污染及健康风险评估  

Distribution and health risk assessment of pesticide pollution in raw water and drinking water within key river basins in China in 2022

作　　者：陈永艳[1] 吕佳[1] 张岚 叶必雄[1] 高圣华[1] 金宁[1] Chen Yongyan;Lyu Jia;Zhang Lan;Ye Bixiong;Gao Shenghua;Jin Ning(Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health,National Institute of Environmental Health,China CDC,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与人群健康重点实验室,中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100050

出　　处：《卫生研究》2024年第5期726-733,共8页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2021YFC3200804)。

摘　　要：目的 分析农药类污染物在我国水源水及饮用水中分布情况及暴露水平,评价长期摄入可能带来的健康风险。方法 于2022年在中国重点流域及湖库沿线的17个典型城市内选取83家典型水厂采集其水源水、出厂水和末梢水样品,采用在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定乙草胺、莠去津、乐果、马拉硫磷、克百威、敌敌畏、毒死蜱、对硫磷、氟乐灵、稻瘟灵、西草净、甲基对硫磷及甲霜灵13种农药及多菌灵、马拉氧磷、3-羟基克百威、脱乙基莠去津、脱异丙基莠去津及羟基莠去津6种环境代谢产物,并进行致癌和非致癌健康风险评估。结果 样品中19种农药及代谢产物总浓度为0.1~1299.4 ng/L,中位数为64.7 ng/L,其中有5种农药或代谢产物检出率大于80%,分别为乙草胺、莠去津、羟基莠去津、脱乙基莠去津和甲霜灵。498份样品中检出≥6种农药或其代谢产物的样品占77.7%。丰水期样品中农药总浓度为1.1~1299.4 ng/L,中位数为69.2 ng/L,日均暴露剂量中位数2.3 ng/(kg·d);枯水期样品中农药总浓度为0.1~543.5 ng/L,中位数为60.2 ng/L,日均暴露剂量中位数2.0 ng/(kg·d)。498份样品中敌敌畏最大致癌风险值为2.0×10^(-7),氟乐灵最大致癌风险值为1.1×10^(-10)。19种农药及代谢产物非致癌风险危害指数≤6.0×10^(-3),其中南水北调中线、黄河下游、南水北调东线、辽河、松花江流域最大危害指数为2.0×10^(-3)~6.0×10^(-3),其他流域<1.0×10^(-3)。结论 2022年中国重点流域水源水、出厂水和末梢水都检出农药,检出的农药总浓度最高可达1299.4 ng/L。其致癌风险均小于10^(-6),非致癌风险危害指数全部小于1,均低于可接受风险;鉴于饮用水中农药及代谢产物赋存的普遍性及多样性,农药类污染物的健康风险仍应加以关注。OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and exposure levels of pesticides in raw water and drinking water in China,as well as to assess the potential health risks associated with long-term consumption.METHODS A total of 83 typical water plants were selected in key river basins in China to collected samples of the raw water,finished water,and tap water.The online-solid phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was used to determine 13 pesticides,including acetochlor,atrazine,dimethoate,malathion,carbofuran,dichlorvos,chlorpyrifos,parathion,trifluralin,isoprothiolane,simetryn,methyl parathion,and metalaxyl,as well as 6 environmental metabolites,including carbendazim,malaoxon,3-hydroxycarbofuran,deethyl atrazine,deisopropyl atrazine and hydroxy atrazine.The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of these pesticides were assessed.RESULTS The concentrations of total amount of pesticides in the samples ranged from 0.1 ng/L to 1299.4 ng/L,with a median value of 64.7 ng/L.The detection rates of 5 pesticides or their metabolites exceeds 80%,namely acetochlor,atrazine,hydroxyl atrazine,deethyl atrazine,and metalaxyl.More than 6 pesticides or their metabolites were detected in 77.7% of the total 498 samples.The total concentration of pesticides during the wet season ranged from 1.1 ng/L to 1299.4 ng/L,with a median of 69.2 ng/L and a median average daily dose of 2.3 ng/(kg·d).The total concentration of pesticides in the dry season samples ranged from 0.1 ng/L to 543.5 ng/L,with a median of 60.2 ng/L and a median average daily dose of 2.0 ng/(kg·d).Among the 498 samples,the maximum carcinogenic risk of dichlorvos was 2.0×10^(-7),and the maximum carcinogenic risk of trifluralin was 1.1×10^(-10).The non-carcinogenic HI of 19 pesticides and metabolites pesticides was ≤6.0×10^(-3).Among them,the maximum HI of the middle route of the South to North Water Diversion Project,the lower reaches of the Yellow River,the eastern route of the South to North Water Diversion Project,the Li

关 键 词：农药 饮用水 重点流域 分布特征 健康风险 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]