基于联合时频差分析的高仰角卫星干扰信号定位  

High elevation satellite interference source localization based on joint time-frequency difference analysis

作　　者：朱珂慧 董亮[2] 李建峰[1] ZHU Kehui;DONG Liang;LI Jianfeng(Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China;Yunnan Observatory of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650011,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学,南京211106 [2]中国科学院云南天文台,昆明650011

出　　处：《电波科学学报》2024年第4期631-639,657,共10页Chinese Journal of Radio Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62371227);中国博士后科学基金(2023T160312);江苏省重点研发计划(BE2023027);建设面向南亚东南亚科技创新中心专项-云南省国际联合创新平台“云南省中马HF-VHF先进射电天文技术国际联合实验室”(202303AP140003);国家自然科学基金天文联合基金培育项目(U2031133);科技部SKA专项(2020SKA0110202);科技部国家重点研发计划“政府间国际科技创新合作”重点专项项目“中低纬度空间天气的空间遥感与射电天文观测中马合作研究”(2022YFE0140000);科技部SKA专项低频射电干涉阵列的高精度校准方法(2020SKA0110300);中国科学院国际合作局国际伙伴计划项目“一带一路”合作(114A11KYSB20200001);昆明市对外(国际)合作基地项目“中国科学院云南天文台-马来亚大学先进射电天文技术联合研发合作基地”(GHJD-2021022)。

摘　　要：随着空间卫星的广泛使用,射电天文望远镜受到高仰角的干扰越来越多,进一步确定整个天空中卫星干扰源的频率、位置和分布,是有效规划天文观测的重要手段。本文介绍了一种基于时频差对高仰角卫星干扰源定位的方法,即基于时频差信息,将干扰源定位解构为时频差联合估计与定位的问题。首先建立用于时频差联合估计的地面接收信号模型,基于四阶最大似然进行到达时间差(time difference of arrival,TDOA)与到达频率差(frequency difference of arrival,FDOA)的联合估计;然后建立干扰源定位模型,根据两步加权最小二乘算法对干扰源进行定位。经过仿真验证,实现了对高仰角快速运动干扰源的定位与轨迹估计,对于300 km高度干扰源的定位误差最小可达到78 m。利用基于联合时频差分析的卫星干扰源定位算法进行射电天文台址无线电环境测量可提升射电望远镜的科学产出,并保障其平稳运行。With the widespread use of space satellites,radio astronomical telescopes are increasingly affected by high elevation interference.Further determining the frequency,position,and distribution of satellite interference sources in the entire sky is an important means of effectively planning astronomical observations.A method for locating high elevation satellite interference source is introduced in this article based on time-frequency difference.Based on timefrequency difference information,the problem of joint estimation and positioning of interference source is deconstructed.Firstly,a ground received signal model for time-frequency difference joint estimation is established.Based on second-order cross-correlation and fourth-order maximum likelihood methods,time difference of arrival(TDOA)and frequency difference of arrival(FDOA)are estimated jointly.The interference source localization scenario and model are established,and the interference source is located using a two-step weighted least squares algorithm After simulation verification,the positioning and trajectory estimation of high elevation fast motion interference source are achieved,and the minimum positioning error for interference source at a height of 300 km can reach 78 m.The use of satellite interference source positioning algorithm based on joint time-frequency difference analysis for radio observatory site radio environment measurement may improve the scientific output and ensure stable operation of radio telescopes.

关 键 词：射电天文 无线电干扰 高仰角 定位 时频差分析 

分 类 号：TN927.2[电子电信—通信与信息系统]