面向FAST的卫星电磁干扰监测技术研究与实现  

Research and realization of satellite radio frequency interference monitoring technology for FAST

作　　者：王钰 黄仕杰[2] 胡浩[2] 张海燕[2,3,4] WANG Yu;HUANG Shijie;HU Hao;ZHANG Haiyan(Astronomical Computing Research Center,Zhejiang Lab,Hangzhou 311100,China;National Astronomical Observatories of China,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Key Laboratory of FAST,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Technology,Shijiazhuang 050081,China)

机构地区：[1]之江实验室天文计算研究中心,杭州311100 [2]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100101 [3]中国科学院FAST重点实验室,北京100101 [4]河北省射电天文技术重点实验室,石家庄050081

出　　处：《电波科学学报》2024年第4期665-672,768,共9页Chinese Journal of Radio Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(12273067,12041301);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(12303095)。

摘　　要：来自人造卫星的信号是射电天文观测面临的主要射频干扰(radio frequency interference,RFI)之一,这些RFI会将天文信号掩埋,为天文信号的搜寻和分析带来困扰。为了缓减卫星对天文观测的影响,我们在之前的工作中为500 m口径球面射电望远镜(Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope,FAST)开发了卫星电磁干扰监测软件,主要包括卫星数据库、观测模块和监测模块。近年来随着多个巨型卫星星座的规划发射以及望远镜观测模式的增多,卫星对射电天文观测的影响更为复杂,已有的软件已经不能满足实际的需要。为此,本文在单个卫星干扰分析的基础上提出了卫星星座的干扰评估方法,并对已有监测软件进行了升级,升级后卫星数据库覆盖更多的在轨卫星及星座信息且能够自动化更新,观测模块能够支持更多种观测模式下的卫星过境预测和干扰评估。在实际天文观测中,通过接在FAST接收机上的频谱仪数据对软件的干扰预测结果进行了实验验证,结果证明升级后的软件能够在多种观测模式下预测可能威胁的卫星以及对应的过境时间,为望远镜观测规划的调整、卫星干扰的规避和接收系统的保护提供重要的支撑。Signals from artificial satellites are one of the main radio frequency interferences(RFI)in radio astronomical observations,which can bury astronomical signals and cause problems in searching and analyzing the signals.In order to mitigate the impact of satellites on astronomical observations,we have developed a satellite electromagnetic interference monitoring software for the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST),which includes a satellite database,an observation module,and a monitoring module.In recent years,with the planning and launching of several giant satellite constellations and the increase in the number of telescope observation modes,the impact of satellites on radio astronomy observation has become more complicated,and the existing software can no longer meet the actual needs.Therefore,we have conducted research on key techniques in the monitoring of interference from individual satellites and constellations,and developed corresponding monitoring and analysis methods.Also,we have upgraded the existing software in many aspects,and the upgraded satellite database covers more in-orbit satellites and large constellations,and the observation module is able to support satellite transit prediction and interference estimation under more observation modes.In the actual observation,the calculation results of the software were verified by the spectrometer connected to the FAST receiver,which proved that the upgraded software can accurately predict the possible threatening satellites and the corresponding transit time in multiple observation modes,providing important support for the adjustment of the telescope observation planning,the avoidance of satellite interference,and the protection of the receiving system.

关 键 词：射电天文 FAST 射频干扰 卫星 干扰评估 

分 类 号：O441.4[理学—电磁学]