过滤式消防自救呼吸器的改进对性能影响研究  

Investigating the impact of half-mask and accessory enhancements on the performance of filtering respiratory protective devices for fire self-rescue

作　　者：施巍 常明 罗宁 胡培峰 陶振翔[3] SHI Wei;CHANG Ming;LUO Ning;HU Peifeng;TAO Zhenxiang(Shanghai Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management,Shanghai 201199,China;Beijing Zhongxing Property Management Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100032,China;School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]应急管理部上海消防研究所,上海201199 [2]北京中兴物业管理有限公司,北京100032 [3]中国矿业大学(北京)应急管理与安全工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2024年第9期3343-3350,共8页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52304273);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2023ZKPYAQ06)。

摘　　要：针对过滤式消防自救呼吸器在长时间贮存和穿戴时分别存在的易变形和不舒适的问题,提出了一种半面罩改进、进气口改进和密封形式改进的优化方法,用以提高可贮存性、人体穿戴体验和避免对消防救援过程产生负面影响。探讨了目前呼吸器的包装、进气口设计、半面罩材料存在的缺陷,依此提出了消防呼吸器设计的具体改进方案,并通过漏气系数、吸气阻力、呼气阻力和一氧化碳防护性能试验对改进方案进行可行性验证。经试验证明,改进后产品相较于原有产品性能变化显著:其中呼吸区漏气系数降低超过80%,吸气阻力降低超过30%,呼气阻力降低超过60%,一氧化碳透过质量浓度降低45%。经优化的包装形式和采用新型的半面罩可有效解决现有存储和穿戴不适问题,更加契合面部形态、缩短穿戴时间,同时增加使用的安全性。In this study,a meticulous design has been developed to tackle the issues of deformation during prolonged storage and discomfort when donning filtering respiratory protective devices for self-rescue from fire.The current drawbacks related to half mask materials,air inlet design,and respirator packaging are thoroughly examined and analyzed.Based on these identified shortcomings in existing market products,a specific improvement scheme for respirator design is proposed.The objective is to effectively address these challenges and enhance the overall performance and user experience of such protective devices.Firstly,the structure of the half mask has been enhanced and the mask material has been modified to incorporate Thermoplastic Elastomer and Polypropylene.Addressing the limitations of traditional air inlet holes,the new canisters feature a dense,porous position design,with holes arranged in a circular pattern along the bottom of the canister.To rectify the shortcomings of traditional packaging,the half mask packaging has been upgraded to a user-friendly,easy-to-pull rigid shell,while the interior is vacuum-sealed in a plastic bag.Subsequently,the feasibility of these enhancements is assessed through rigorous testing,including the mask leakage coefficient test,inspiratory resistance test,and carbon monoxide permeation concentration test.The experimental results demonstrate that the improved product exhibits a significant improvement in performance compared to the original version.Specifically,the leakage coefficient in the breathing zone of the enhanced filtering respiratory protective devices is reduced by over 80%.Additionally,the inspiratory resistance is decreased by more than 30%,while the inspiratory and expiratory resistance is reduced by over 60%.Furthermore,the carbon monoxide permeation concentration is decreased by 45%.The optimized performance parameters notably surpass the values mandated by international standards.The improved packaging and the newly designed half-mask effectively mitigate existing s

关 键 词：安全人体学 半面罩 过滤式自救呼吸器 漏气系数 吸气阻力 优化设计 

分 类 号：X961[环境科学与工程—安全科学]