不同姿态人群的火场疏散模型研究  

An evacuation model that integrates considerations for fire effects and motion posture

作　　者：张俊[1] 罗梦好 宋卫国[1] 任祥霞 ZHANG Jun;LUO Menghao;SONG Weiguo;REN Xiangxia(State Key Laboratory of Fire Science,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;School of Social Development and Health Management,University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences,Qingdao 266000,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,合肥230026 [2]康复大学社会发展与管理学院,山东青岛266000

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2024年第9期3556-3564,共9页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72174189,72304123)。

摘　　要：在火灾疏散中,火场高温烟气带来的物理威胁和心理压力会对人员疏散产生影响。为了量化火灾环境下人员可能采用的弯腰、爬行等疏散姿态及其与火源间的交互对疏散过程的影响,采用椭圆表征行人不同的运动姿态,考虑火源产生的物理和心理影响,基于社会力模型建立了一种混合姿态火场疏散模型。本模型能够再现试验中观测到的行人绕行及避让火源行为,可根据火源状态提前规划疏散路径避开高温区域。研究发现,当人员采用爬行、蹲行和弯腰行走三种姿态疏散时,人群的疏散时间随密度和火源温度升高而延长。随着路径风险差异增大和行人危险敏感度提高,选择安全路径的行人比例逐渐增大。研究可以为火灾环境下人员的安全应急疏散管理提供技术支持。In fire evacuation scenarios,pedestrians frequently face both physical and psychological stress,which can impair their ability to safely evacuate.To mitigate the risk of injury,individuals may resort to adopting specific postures,such as bending or crawling,during the evacuation process.This study endeavors to quantify the impact of individuals'movement postures and their interactions with fire on evacuation dynamics.To accomplish this,an advanced social force model is proposed,which delineates pedestrian movement postures using ellipses of varying sizes.This model integrates both the physiological and psychological effects of fire on individuals,thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of evacuation behaviors.This model showcases enhanced accuracy in simulating the path selection strategies and avoidance behaviors observed among pedestrians navigating around a fire.It empowers pedestrians to strategically devise avoidance paths by considering the current state of the fire,thereby circumventing regions with elevated temperatures and potential hazards.Moreover,the study delves into investigating how crowd density influences evacuation efficiency across three distinct postures.The findings indicate that the movement of Knee and Hand Crawl(KHC)pedestrians remains largely unaffected by variations in density.Conversely,the movement speed of Squatting Walk(SQW)and Stooping Walk(STW)pedestrians decreases as crowd density increases.In low-density crowd scenarios,KHC pedestrians tend to have the longest evacuation times.However,in high-density situations,SQW pedestrians exhibit the lowest evacuation efficiency.Notably,STW pedestrians consistently demonstrate the highest level of evacuation efficiency across various density levels.Furthermore,the study evaluates the impact of fire temperature on pedestrian movement across all three postures,revealing that evacuation times for all crowd types increase with higher temperatures.Notably,the SQW group experiences the most pronounced escalation in evacuation time,whereas

关 键 词：公共安全 行人安全 运动姿态 火灾疏散 疏散模型 

分 类 号：X93[环境科学与工程—安全科学]