考虑运输损耗的应急物资储备库选址  

Selection of a site for an emergency material storage depot considering potential transportation losses

作　　者：霍非舟 姜淑轶 胡宸希 曲方新 李墨潇[1] HUO Feizhou;JIANG Shuyi;HU Chenxi;QU Fangxin;LI Moxiao(School of Safety Science and Emergency Management,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学安全科学与应急管理学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2024年第9期3588-3595,共8页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51808422,52204233)。

摘　　要：为了提高应急救灾效率和救援服务质量,考虑应急物资的运输损耗,将冷藏运输费用纳入成本,建立以运输损耗最小、成本最低且储备库之间压力最均衡为目标的储备库选址模型。将应急物资的运输损耗分为物理损耗和变质损耗,并采用Arrhenius方程来描述物资的变质反应速率与温度之间的关系。对武汉市江汉区进行案例分析,使用百度地图获取居民小区兴趣点(Point of Interest,POI),借助OSM路网数据计算各个备选点到需求点的实际路网距离,应用NSGA-II算法对模型进行求解。结果表明,通过冷藏车运输可以有效减少食物和部分药物的运输损耗。在选择使用冷藏车运输物资时,应尽量保持较低的冷藏温度;而在布局储备库时,应适当增加储备库数量,确保储备库之间的供应压力平衡,进而减少运输损耗和成本。This paper aims to enhance the efficiency and quality of emergency rescue operations,guaranteeing a sufficient supply of disaster relief materials to affected populations.In pursuit of this goal,the paper addresses the issue of transportation loss for emergency supplies and incorporates the cost of refrigerated transportation into the overall cost analysis.Furthermore,the paper presents a model for selecting the optimal location of emergency material storage,aiming to minimize transportation losses and costs,while also managing the strain on these warehouses effectively.Transportation losses are categorized into physical losses resulting from collisions and deterioration losses caused by microbial and chemical reactions.The considered costs encompass the construction expenses of reserve warehouses and transportation costs.The strain on emergency material storage is evaluated based on the coverage area of the population.The paper categorizes emergency supplies into two groups:time-limited and durable.Time-limited supplies,such as food and specific medications,are sensitive to temperature and have a limited shelf life,whereas durable supplies are not.The connection between the deterioration rate of time-limited supplies and temperature is elucidated using the Arrhenius equation.Finally,this paper selects the Jianghan District of Wuhan as the case study area,utilizing Baidu Maps to acquire Point of Interest(POI)data for 512 communities within the district.Subsequently,all communities are categorized into 50 groups,delineating potential demand points and reserve warehouse candidate points based on their respective latitude and longitude coordinates.By employing OSM road network data and ArcGIS software,the paper computed the actual road network distance from each candidate point to the demand point and utilized the NSGA-Ⅱalgorithm to address the model.The findings indicate that refrigerated transportation can notably decrease the transportation loss of food and certain medications compared to conventional transport

关 键 词：公共安全 选址优化 应急储备库 货损 

分 类 号：X913[环境科学与工程—安全科学]