仪式性民俗体育的文化表达——以贵州清水江苗族“玩水龙”项目为例  

The Cultural Expression of Ritual Folk Sports: Taking the Miao’s"Water Loong" Project in Qingshuijiang, Guizhou as an Example

作　　者：程纪香[1] 张化良[1] CHENG Jixiang;ZHANG Hualiang(Kaili University,Kaili,Guizhou,556011,China)

机构地区：[1]凯里学院体育学院,贵州凯里556011

出　　处：《凯里学院学报》2024年第4期20-25,共6页Journal of Kaili University

基　　金：2022年国家社会科学基金西部项目“西南地区体育非物质文化遗产数字化集成与活化利用研究”(项目编号:22XTY016)。

摘　　要：采用人类学的田野调查、文献分析及深度访谈等方法,从非遗保护与传承出发,对贵州清水江苗族“玩水龙”进行宗教信仰、起居习俗、苗族文化等方面的人类学考察,进而对清水江“玩水龙”的发展历程、制作技艺、社会结构、文史价值、濒危保护等方面进行分析,以此探究苗族“玩水龙”这种仪式性民俗体育项目的文化表达方式。研究认为:一、贵州清水江苗族“玩水龙”承载着苗族人民的宗教信仰,展示着苗族人民的制作技艺,表达着苗族人民的技艺传承;二、其教育特色与道德约束具有鲜明的文化特征和重要的历史、社会价值,这也是苗族“玩水龙”独有的文化特质;三、随着社会的发展,苗族“玩水龙”的文化表达发生了诸多变化:首先是苗族“玩水龙”的社会功能由祈福功能逐渐向休闲娱乐功能转变,其次是苗族“玩水龙”的存在价值由祈雨纳福向旅游经济转变,最后是苗族“玩水龙”的组织管理由民间自发组织向政府主导转变;四是苗族“玩水龙”的参与人群由男性特权向群体参与转变。In this paper,anthropological methods such as field investigation,literature analysis and in-depth interview are adopted,and from the perspective of intangible cultural heritage protection and inheritance,the Miao s"water loong playing"in Qingshuijiang,Guizhou is investigated in terms of religious belief,living customs and Miao culture.Then,this paper objectively analyzes the development process,production skills,social structure,cultural and historical value,endangered protection and other aspects of the"water loong"in Shibing County of Qingshuijiang River,in order to explore the"water loong"this kind of ritual folk sports cultural expression.The research holds that:1.The"water loong play"in Qingshuijiang,Guizhou,bears the Miao's religious belief,shows the Miao's production skills,and expresses the Miao's skill inheritance;2.Its educational characteristics,moral constraints,and display of traditional culture are integrated with each other,with distinct cultural characteristics and important historical and social values,which have become the unique cultural characteristics of Miao's"playing water loong";3.With the development of society,the Miao's cultural expression of"playing water loong"has undergone many changes:First,the social function of"playing water loong"has gradually changed from blessing function to leisure function;Second,the survival value of Miao s"playing water loong"has changed from praying for rain and blessing to tourism economy.Third,the organization and management of Miao s"playing water loong"has changed from a voluntary organization to a unified control by the government;Fourth,the participation of Miao people in"playing water loong"has changed from male privilege to group participation.

关 键 词：文化表达 体育非物质文化遗产 玩水龙 仪式 清水江 

分 类 号：G85[文化科学—民族体育]