Intermittent fasting and the liver: Focus on the Ramadan model  

作　　者：Mohamed H Emara Hanan Soliman Ebada M Said Hassan Elbatae Mostafa Elazab Shady Elhefnawy Tarik I Zaher Ahmed Abdel-Razik Mohamed Elnadry 

机构地区：[1]Department of Hepatology,Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases,Kafrelsheikh University,Kafr-Elshikh 33516,Egypt [2]Department of Medicine,Alyousif Hospital,Alkhobar 34622,Saudi Arabia [3]Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases,Tanta University,Tanta 31512,Egypt [4]Department of Hepatology,Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases,Benha University,Benha 13511,Egypt [5]Department of Tropical Medicine,Zagazig University,Zagazig 44519,Egypt [6]Department of Tropical Medicine,Mansoura University,Mansoura 35516,Egypt [7]Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases,Al-Azhar University,Cairo 11651,Egypt

出　　处：《World Journal of Hepatology》2024年第8期1070-1083,共14页世界肝病学杂志（英文版）（电子版）

摘　　要：Intermittent fasting(IF)is an intervention that involves not only dietary modific-ations but also behavioral changes with the main core being a period of fasting alternating with a period of controlled feeding.The duration of fasting differs from one regimen to another.Ramadan fasting(RF)is a religious fasting for Muslims,it lasts for only one month every one lunar year.In this model of fasting,observers abstain from food and water for a period that extends from dawn to sunset.The period of daily fasting is variable(12-18 hours)as Ramadan rotates in all seasons of the year.Consequently,longer duration of daily fasting is observed during the summer.In fact,RF is a peculiar type of IF.It is a dry IF as no water is allowed during the fasting hours,also there are no calorie restrictions during feeding hours,and the mealtime is exclusively nighttime.These three variables of the RF model are believed to have a variable impact on different liver diseases.RF was evaluated by different observational and interventional studies among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and it was associated with improve-ments in anthropometric measures,metabolic profile,and liver biochemistry regardless of the calorie restriction among lean and obese patients.The situation is rather different for patients with liver cirrhosis.RF was associated with adverse events among patients with liver cirrhosis irrespective of the underlying etiology of cirrhosis.Cirrhotic patients developed new ascites,ascites were increased,had higher serum bilirubin levels after Ramadan,and frequently developed hepatic encephalopathy and acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.These complications were higher among patients with Child class B and C cirrhosis,and some fatalities occurred due to fasting.Liver transplant recipients as a special group of patients,are vulnerable to dehydration,fluctuation in blood immunosuppressive levels,likelihood of deterioration and hence observing RF without special precautions could represent a real danger for them.Patients

关 键 词：Intermittent fasting Ramadan fasting Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Liver cirrhosis Peptic ulcer Liver transplantation Gilbert syndrome 

分 类 号：R657.3[医药卫生—外科学]