火炸药环境人体衣物静电特性试验研究  

Experimental study on electrostatic characteristics of human clothing in explosive environments

作　　者：巨建鹏 邹吉然 李保军 高静静 王焘 JU Jianpeng;ZOU Jiran;LI Baojun;GAO Jingjing;WANG Tao(Institute of Ordnance Industry Health,Xi'an Shaanxi 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]兵器工业卫生研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《工业安全与环保》2024年第9期40-44,共5页Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection

摘　　要：为了防止火炸药生产、试验环节因衣物静电导致燃爆事故发生,采用法拉第桶试验装置深入研究了质量、材质、环境温度、湿度、摩擦时间对衣物表面静电电荷聚集的影响程度。结果表明:相对于复合材料衣物,纯棉衣物、纯聚酰胺纤维衣物静电聚集程度相对较小。衣物棉含量越高、质量越小,表面电荷聚集越少;当环境温度大于0℃时,环境温度越高、含棉量越大,静电增加越剧烈。当环境温度低于0℃时,衣物内部自带水分子结晶,静电无法得到释放,衣物表面静电电荷均骤增;干燥环境下,纯棉衣物的静电聚集最多。纯干燥环境增湿度,衣物表面静电电荷骤减,50%环境湿度是衣物内部水分和环境水分的相对平衡状态;摩擦时间越长,静电电荷越多,但增长速度越慢。衣物表面静电电荷的聚集和释放是同时进行的2个过程,当这个过程达到平衡态时,单纯增加摩擦时间,衣物表面静电电荷不会增加。In order to prevent accidents caused by static electricity in clothing during the production and testing of explosives,this article uses a Faraday bucket test device to conduct in-depth research on the impact of quality,material,environmental temperature,humidity,and friction time on the accumulation of electrostatic charges on the surface of clothing.The results show that the electrostatic charge accumulation of pure cotton clothing and pure polyamide fiber clothing is relatively smaller than that of composite clothing.When the cotton content of clothing is higher and the quality is lower,the surface charge accumulation is less.If the ambient temperature is greater than 0℃,the higher the ambient temperature and the higher the cotton content,the more intense the increase in static electricity.When the ambient temperature is below 0℃,water molecules crystallize inside the clothing,and static electricity cannot be released,resulting in a sudden increase in electrostatic charges on the surface of the clothing.In a dry environment,pure cotton clothing has the most static electricity accumulation.A pure dry environment increases humidity,resulting in a sudden decrease in electrostatic charges on the surface of clothing.50%environmental humidity is the relative balance between internal moisture and environmental moisture in clothing.The longer the friction time,the more electrostatic charges,but the slower the growth rate.The accumulation and release of electrostatic charges on the surface of clothing are two simultaneous processes.When this process reaches equilibrium,simply increasing the friction time will not increase the electrostatic charges on the surface of clothing.

关 键 词：安全工程 衣物静电 法拉第试验 火炸药 

分 类 号：TQ560.8[化学工程—炸药化工] TS941[轻工技术与工程—服装设计与工程]