New frontiers in retinal transplantation  

作　　者：Francesco Saverio Sorrentino Patrick Di Terlizzi Francesco De Rosa Carlo Salati Leopoldo Spadea Caterina Gagliano Mutali Musa Marco Zeppieri 

机构地区：[1]Department of Surgical Sciences,Unit of Ophthalmology,Ospedale Maggiore,Bologna 40100,Italy [2]Department of Oncology,IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori“Dino Amadori”,Meldola 47014,Italy [3]Department of Ophthalmology,University Hospital of Udine,Udine 33100,Italy [4]Eye Clinic,Policlinico Umberto I,"Sapienza"University of Rome,Rome 00142,Italy [5]Department of Medicine and Surgery,University of Enna"Kore",Enna 94100,Italy [6]Eye Clinic,Catania University San Marco Hospital,Catania 95121,Italy [7]Department of Optometry,University of Benin,Benin 300283,Nigeria [8]Department of Ophthalmology,Centre for Sight Africa,Nkpor,Onitsha 434112,Nigeria

出　　处：《World Journal of Transplantation》2024年第4期67-77,共11页世界移植杂志

摘　　要：New frontiers about retinal cell transplantation for retinal degenerative diseases start from the idea that acting on stem cells can help regenerate retinal layers and establish new synapses among retinal cells.Deficiency or alterations of synaptic input and neurotrophic factors result in trans-neuronal degeneration of the inner retinal cells.Thus,the disruption of photoreceptors takes place.However,even in advanced forms of retinal degeneration,a good percentage of the ganglion cells and the inner nuclear layer neurons remain intact.This phenomenon provides evidence for obtaining retinal circuitry through the transplantation of photoreceptors into the subretinal region.The eye is regarded as an optimal organ for cell transplantation because of its immunological privilege and the relatively small number of cells collaborating to carry out visual activities.The eyeball's immunological privilege,characterized by the suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in ocular tissues,is responsible for the low rate of graft rejection in transplant patients.The main discoveries highlight the capacity of embryonic stem cells(ESCs)and induced pluripotent stem cells to regenerate damaged retinal regions.Recent progress has shown significant enhancements in transplant procedures and results.The research also explores the ethical ramifications linked to the utilization of stem cells,emphasizing the ongoing issue surrounding ESCs.The analysis centers on recent breakthroughs,including the fabrication of three-dimensional retinal organoids and the innovation of scaffolding for cell transportation.Moreover,researchers are currently assessing the possibility of CRISPR and other advanced gene editing technologies to enhance the outcomes of retinal transplantation.The widespread use of universally recognized safe surgical and imaging methods enables retinal transplantation and monitoring of transplanted cell growth toward the correct location.Currently,most therapy approaches are in the first phases of development and neces

关 键 词：Retinal transplantation Retinal stem cell Human embryonic stem cells Pluripotent stem cells Retinal tissue transplant 

分 类 号：R617[医药卫生—外科学]