添加玉米芯促进奶牛粪水厌氧消化产甲烷  

Adding corncob to enhance methane production during anaerobic digestion of dairy wastewater

作　　者：张秋萍 庞小可 许继飞 赵康 ZHANG Qiuping;PANG Xiaoke;XU Jifei;ZHAO Kang(School of Life Science,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan 030031,China;School of Ecology and Environment,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学生命科学学院,太原030031 [2]内蒙古大学生态与环境学院,呼和浩特010021 [3]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300350

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2024年第6期58-66,共9页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：山西省基础研究计划项目(202303021212163);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2020GG0081)。

摘　　要：奶牛养殖粪便经固液分离,粪水中固体含量和碳氮比较低,制约其厌氧消化稳定性和产甲烷性能。针对以上问题,奶牛粪水中添加不同含量玉米芯(0、4、8、12和16 g·L^(-1)粪水)进行批式厌氧消化,重点分析其系统稳定性、产甲烷性能及能量平衡。结果表明,添加玉米芯增加粪水厌氧消化过程中可溶性化学需氧量和总挥发酸浓度,促进物质水解和酸化。添加高浓度玉米芯(12和16 g·L^(-1))的消化系统中pH和游离氨变化幅度较小,有利于厌氧消化稳定进行。添加玉米芯导致产甲烷进程延缓2~5 d,但产甲烷基因mcrA浓度显著增加,总甲烷量提高14.82%~51.65%,其中12 g·L^(-1)平均甲烷含量最高达63.01%。通过能量平衡计算可知,添加不同浓度玉米芯的粪水厌氧消化能量输入差别较小,但能量输出随玉米芯浓度增加而增大,比未添加玉米芯高出60.74~172.01 kJ。添加玉米芯弥补粪水中固体含量和碳氮比较低的不足,有助于维持厌氧消化稳定性,提高总甲烷量和能量输出。The solid content and carbon nitrogen ratio are relatively low in dairy wastewater after solid-liquid separation,which restricts the digestion stability and methanogenic performance.In this paper,through batch anaerobic digestion tests,the digestion performance of dairy wastewater with corncob(0,4,8,12,16 g·L^(-1)dairy wastewater)was explored,and the system stability,methane production and energy balance were the key analyses.The results showed that corncob increased the concentrations of soluble chemical oxygen demand and the total volatile fatty acids during anaerobic digestion,and promoted the hydrolysis and acidification of substances.The pH and free ammonia in digestive systems with 12 and 16 g·L^(-1) corncob varied slightly,which was conductive to maintain stability.Adding corncob could delay the process of methanogenesis for 2-5 days,but increase the concentration of methanogenic gene mcrA,thus increase the total methane yields by 14.82%-51.65%,in which the average methane content of 12 g·L^(-1) reached 63.01%.According to the energy balance calculation,the energy input of anaerobic digestion with different concentrations of corncob was little different,but the energy output increased with the increase of corncob,which was 60.74-172.01 kJ higher than that without the addition of corncob.The addition of corncob increased the solid content and carbon nitrogen ratio of dairy wastewater,helped to maintain the stability of anaerobic digestion,and increased the total methane yields and energy output.

关 键 词：玉米芯 厌氧消化 甲烷 系统稳定性 能量平衡 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]