何为弱者?可见性的争夺策略、边界重组与价值审思  

Who Is the Weak?Strategies of Contestation,Boundary Reorganisation and Value Rethinking in Visibility

作　　者：赵海明 ZHAO Hai-ming

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院,四川成都610207

出　　处：《中国地质大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期145-156,共12页Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“海外社交媒体的涉华虚假信息传播及应对研究”(22CGJ047)。

摘　　要：可见性是涉及全体公民参与的公共实践,表现在议题的可见性、讨论的可见性和承认的可见性三个方面。在争夺可见性的策略上,弱者采用全民围观的视觉政治、表演式抗争与媒介化展演、图像政治与戏谑话语等剧目,构建以情感为核心的“个体情感表达——他人情感体验——社会情感共同体”的可见性生产策略。但在可见性政治实践中,弱者在自我表达隐匿、虚假事件策划中处于不可见境地,公众对弱者的同情疲劳、“强-弱”身份边界的流动进一步解构“弱者”的道德话语及身份认同,最终弱者的“去主体性”伴随着公共理性和正义观念的建构过程。重塑可见性正义,需要超越“强”与“弱”、“看”与“被看”、赋权与去权、主流与边缘的二元结构,建立规范化的可见性机制,使可见性资源分配过程更加合理,营造良善的网络公共领域。Visibility is a public practice involving the participation of all citizens,which is expressed in three aspects:the visibility of issues,the visibility of discussion and the visibility of recognition.In the strategy of fighting for visibility,the weak adopts the visual politics of universal spectatorship,performative resistance and mediatised exhibition,image politics and playful discourse,constructing a strategy of visibility production centred on emotions.However,the weak are in an invisible position in the concealment of self-expression and the planning of false events,and the public’s sympathy fatigue for the weak and the fluidity of the boundary of“strong-weak”identities further deconstructs the moral discourse and identity of the weak,ultimately leading to the deconstruction of the weak.The public’s sympathy fatigue for the weak and the fluidity of the“strong-weak”identity boundary further deconstruct the moral discourse and identity of the“weak”,and ultimately the“de-subjectivity”of the weak is accompanied by the process of constructing public rationality and the concept of justice.To reshape visible justice,it is necessary to establish a standardised visibility mechanism,make the process of visibility resource allocation more reasonable,and build a benign online public sphere.

关 键 词：围观视觉 注意力资源 承认政治 大众孤独 可见性正义 

分 类 号：G206.7[文化科学—传播学]