卫生行政处罚的证明标准  

The standard of proof of health administrative penalty

作　　者：张红升 Zhang Hongsheng(Shenzhen Guangming district health inspection institute,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518132,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市光明区卫生监督所,广东深圳市518132

出　　处：《卫生法学》2024年第5期29-34,59,共7页Health Law

摘　　要：卫生行政处罚存在证明标准,且应与行政诉讼证明标准相一致。但是,行政处罚先于行政诉讼且缺乏中立的证明裁判,其程序构造决定个案证明标准无法与行政诉讼的一一相等。卫生行政处罚的证明标准是多元层级和阶段动态的,与行政处罚对当事人权益义务影响程度、行政处罚程序阶段、证明对象、证明主体等相关。随着对当事人权益义务影响程度增加或行政处罚程序阶段进展,证明标准递进增高。证明标准具有法定性和可裁量性,基于效率与公平,行政机关可因个案情境调整证明标准进而实现证明。证明标准与证明责任具有互动制约的关系,证明标准居中更容易造成事实真伪不明,进而适用结果证明责任。证明标准的功能不在于制约行政机关的证明活动,而在于指引证明进程的推进。The standard of proof exists in health administrative penalty and should be consistent with the standard of proof of administrative litigation.However,administrative penalty precedes administrative litigation and lacks neutral proof adjudicator,and its procedural structure determines that the proof standards of individual cases cannot be equal to those of administrative litigation.The standard of proof of health administrative penalty is multi-layered and dynamic,related to the degree of influence of administrative penalty on the rights and obligations of the parties,the stage of administrative penalty procedure,the proof object and the proof subject.As the degree of influence on the rights and obligations of the parties increases or the stage of the administrative penalty procedure progresses,the proof standard increases progressively.The standard of proof is statutory and discretionary,and based on efficiency and fairness,the administrative organ can adjust the standard of proof and achieve proof according to the situation of each case.The standard of proof and the burden of proof have an interactive relationship,and the intermediate standard of proof is more likely to cause the truth of the facts to be unclear,and then apply the burden of proof of results.The function of the standard of proof is not to restrict the administrative organ's proof activity,but to guide the advancement of the proof process.

关 键 词：卫生行政处罚 证明标准 证明责任 

分 类 号：D902[政治法律—法学理论]