一种适用于转运患者的血液透析机设计与应用  

Design and application of a hemodialysis machine suitable for transporting patients

作　　者：贾贵阳 刘国跃 钱明江 陈武 吴航 殷存芝 Jia Guiyang;Liu Guoyue;Qian Mingjiang;Chen Wu;Wu Hang;Yin Cunzhi(Department of Emergence,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University,Zunyi 563000,Guizhou,China;Graduate School of Zunyi Medical University,Zunyi 563000,Guizhou,China;Department of Critical Care Medicine,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University,Zunyi 563000,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]遵义医科大学第二附属医院急诊科,贵州遵义563000 [2]遵义医科大学研究生院,贵州遵义563000 [3]遵义医科大学第二附属医院重症医学科,贵州遵义563000

出　　处：《中华危重病急救医学》2024年第7期764-767,共4页Chinese Critical Care Medicine

摘　　要：血液净化是抢救危重病患者的常用技术之一,用于各种病因导致的急慢性肾损伤及多种危重疾病的肾脏替代治疗(RRT),其主要工作原理是通过人工管路将人体血液引流到各种透析器中,通过多种方式进行物质交换,清除患者体内有害物质及部分代谢产物,再将净化后的血液输回人体,从而维持患者内环境相对稳定。目前临床已有不同型号血液透析机,但存在笨重且无法移动、散热方式单一等不足,均不能满足转运患者的血液透析治疗。为此,遵义医科大学第二附属医院重症医学科的医护人员设计并研发了一种血液透析机,适用于患者转运过程中的血液透析治疗,并获得了国家发明专利(专利号:ZL 202010864737.3)。该血液透析机由血液透析机主体及移动车两部分组成。血液透析机主体置于移动车内的底部,在血液透析机主体周围设有带固定气囊的保护筒,固定气囊通过管路连接至空气储存罐,空气储存罐通过控制阀与文丘里管相连,文丘里管喉部与消毒液箱及降温水箱相连,文丘里管出口端与透析机主体内部的散热管及置于顶部的喷头相连。通过加装移动车并设计气囊及保护筒,使血液透析机适用于患者转运过程中的血液透析治疗;通过设计散热管,可对透析机主体进行散热,降低透析机主体内部温度,使透析机在风扇损坏时仍可工作;通过设计喷头,方便对血液透析机主体屏幕及控制按键进行自动消毒,降低医护人员在操作中交叉感染的风险,增加透析机的安全性和实用性。该血液透析机使用方便、安全,工作效率高,可广泛应用于临床转运患者的血液透析治疗,值得推广。Blood purification is one of the commonly used techniques for the rescue of critically ill patients,which is used for acute and chronic kidney injury caused by various causes and renal replacement therapy(RRT)for a variety of critical diseases.Its main working principle is to drain the human blood into a variety of dialyzers through the artificial tube,exchange substances through a variety of ways,and remove harmful substances and some metabolites from patients'body.Then the purified blood is transfused back to the body,so as to maintain the patient's internal environment relatively stable.At present,there are different models of hemodialysis machines in clinical practice,but they are bulky and unable to move,and the method of heat dissipation is single,which cannot meet the needs of hemodialysis treatment in transport patients.Therefore,the medical staff of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University designed and developed a hemodialysis machine,which is suitable for patients who demand hemodialysis treatment during transport,and obtained the National Invention Patent of China(ZL 202010864737.3).The hemodialysis machine comprises a main body of the hemodialysis machine and a mobile vehicle.The main body of the hemodialysis machine is placed in the bottom of the mobile vehicle,and a protective cylinder with fixed airbags is designed around the main body of the hemodialysis machine.The fixed airbag is connected to the air storage tank through the pipeline,the air storage tank is connected to the Venturi tube through the control valve,and the throat of the Venturi tube is connected to the disinfection tank and cooling water tank.The outlet end of the Venturi tube is connected with the cooling pipe inside the main part of the hemodialysis machine and the sprinkler head placed on the top of the main body.By adding a mobile vehicle and designing an airbag and protective cylinder,the hemodialysis machine can be applied to the hemodialysis treatment during the transportation of patients.By designing the h

关 键 词：血液透析机 移动车 转运 散热 设计 

分 类 号：R459.5[医药卫生—治疗学]