船用动力装置前景展望  

作　　者：伍赛特 

机构地区：[1]上海汽车集团股份有限公司,上海200438

出　　处：《科技创新与应用》2024年第28期106-118,共13页Technology Innovation and Application

摘　　要：用于船舶推进的发动机被称为主推进发动机(亦称“主机”),其对整个船用动力装置的性能起决定作用,通常会以不同的主机来划分船用动力装置的类型。现代船舶的主机主要有柴油机、汽轮机、燃气轮机及核动力装置等几类。就目前而言,大部分民用船舶,以及部分中、小型军用舰船均采用柴油机;大、中型舰船多采用汽轮机或燃气轮机;联合动力装置可满足水面舰船不同航行工况下的需求;核动力装置能显著提升船舶的续航力和自给力,但需要采用屏蔽装置,重量大、结构复杂,适用于大型航空母舰,大、中型潜艇,以及破冰船与部分大型民用船舶。中、小型潜艇可利用柴油机驱动发电机发电,以电力推进的方式驱动潜艇前行。通过研究船用动力装置,有利于快速掌握其类型、结构、技术特点、使用及管理方法,从而提升其在船舶航行过程中的实际运用效果,提升船舶整体的动力性能。The engine used for marine propulsion is called the main propulsion engine(also known as the"main engine"),which determines the performance of the entire marine power plant.The types of marine power plants are usually divided into different main engines.The main engines of modern ships mainly include diesel engines,steam turbines,gas turbines and nuclear power units.At present,most civilian ships,as well as some medium and small military ships,use diesel engines;large and medium-sized ships mostly use steam turbines or gas turbines;combined power units can meet the needs of surface ships under different sailing conditions;and nuclear power units can significantly improve the ship's endurance and self-sufficiency,but they require the use of shielding devices.They are heavy and complex in structure,and are suitable for large aircraft carriers,large and medium-sized submarines,icebreakers and some large civilian ships.Medium and small submarines can use diesel engines to drive generators to generate electricity and drive the submarine forward by means of electric propulsion.By studying marine power units,it is conducive to quickly grasp their type,structure,technical characteristics,use and management methods,thereby improving their actual application effect during ship navigation and improving the overall power performance of the ship.

关 键 词：柴油机 燃气轮机 汽轮机 联合动力装置 核动力 航空母舰 电力推进 

分 类 号：U674.7[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]