水域工程高精度三维地震反射勘探应用研究  

Research on the application of high resolution 3D seismic reflection exploration in offshore engineering

作　　者：李凯[1] LI Kai(China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430063,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司,武汉430063

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2024年第4期1670-1686,共17页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“城市地下空间精细探测技术与开发利用研究示范”(2019YFC0605100)课题一“城市地下空间开发地下全要素信息精准探测技术与装备”资助。

摘　　要：跨海桥梁、隧道对打破交通瓶颈具有重要的作用,准确、详尽的地质勘察资料是跨海交通工程方案比选、设计优化、施工方案制订的基础,同时也是工程风险决策的有利保障.受海域交通环境、水域条件,且地形、地质条件多变等因素影响,传统的勘察手段在海底隧道工程的勘察中存在诸多局限性.本文以甬舟铁路金塘海底隧道勘察项目为依托,首次将三维地震勘探技术引入工程勘查领域,探索复杂地质条件下的海底隧道勘察新思路.金塘海底隧道三维地震反射应用研究通过单缆、并行、多线加密的采集方案解决了浅水域工程三维地震勘探数据采集施工问题;通过基于高精度测量数据的潮汐校正方法、叠前预测反褶积和叠后波场外推法的多次波组合压制技术、井约束时深转换技术等精细化处理与解释手段有效提高水域工程三维地震勘探的纵、横向分辨率与勘探成果的精度,解决隧址区地质复杂区段水底、第四系以及下伏基岩(潜山)三维空间分布情况以及构造、破碎带发育范围;基于三维地震反射成果的井约束地质建模技术可以准确模拟地层、构造的空间接触关系,通过工程模型融合可以直观分析洞身岩土地质条件,有效提高勘探成果质量、达到高精度三维地质勘察的目的.金塘海底隧道勘察应用研究表明水域工程高精度三维地震反射勘探技术具备良好的可实施性,可以为水域工程地质勘察、设计方案优化、工程风险决策提供准确、可靠的地质勘探成果,为复杂水域环境条件下的工程地质勘察提供了一种全新思路,具备良好的实用性与推广性.Cross-sea bridges and tunnels play a significant role in alleviating transportation bottlenecks.Accurate and comprehensive geological survey data is essential for selecting and optimizing cross-sea transportation engineering plans,designing improvements,and formulating construction plans.It also serves as a vital safeguard for engineering risk decision-making.However,traditional survey methods face limitations in underwater tunnel projects due to the complex marine traffic environment,aquatic conditions,and variable topography and geology.This study,based on the Jintang Subsea Tunnel survey project for the Ningbo-Zhoushan Railway,introduces three-dimensional seismic exploration technology into the field of engineering surveys,exploring new approaches to surveying underwater tunnels under complex geological conditions.The application of three-dimensional seismic reflection in the Jintang Subsea Tunnel survey project solves the challenges associated with data collection in shallow water areas through a collection scheme that includes single-cable,parallel,and multi-line closely spaced acquisitions.Advanced processing techniques,such as tidal correction based on high-precision measurement data,multiple wavelet suppression techniques using pre-stack predictive deconvolution and post-stack wavefield extrapolation,and well-constrained depth conversion techniques,significantly improve the vertical and lateral resolution of three-dimensional seismic exploration in water areas and enhance the accuracy of survey results.This approach successfully addresses the spatial distribution of the seabed,Quaternary strata,and underlying bedrock(submarine mountains)in complex geological sections,as well as the range of structural features and fractured zones.Furthermore,the well-constrained geological modeling technique based on three-dimensional seismic reflection results accurately simulates the spatial contact relationships between formations and structures.By integrating engineering models,it enables a visual analysis of the geol

关 键 词：海底隧道 工程地质勘察 水域三维地震反射 数据采集 数据处理 多次波压制 地质建模 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]