大学生进食障碍亚临床状态及相关因素分析  

Analysis of subclinical eating disorders and associated factors in college students

作　　者：张也 韩婷 姚宏雯 孙丽萍 赵旻欣 朱陆姣 张菁菁 廖月霞 ZHANG Ye;HAN Ting;YAO Hongwen;SUN Liping;ZHAO Minxin;ZHU Lujiao;ZHANG Jingjing;LIAO Yuexia(School of Nursing/School of Public Health,Yangzhou U-niversity,Yangzhou(225009),Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学护理学院/公共卫生学院,江苏225009

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2024年第8期1157-1161,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：扬州市卫生健康委员会横向委托项目;2023年江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX23_2040);2023年江苏省高等学校大学生创新创业训练计划项目(XCX20230886)。

摘　　要：目的调查大学生的进食障碍亚临床状态并分析其相关因素,为青少年进食障碍的防治工作提供参考依据。方法2023年11—12月采用分层整群随机抽样法在江苏省扬州市1所本科院校和1所专科院校选取5201名在读大学生为研究对象,使用调查表对大学生一般资料、进食障碍亚临床状态、体形认知、抑郁症状、焦虑症状、心理健康素养进行调查。采用χ^(2)检验进行进食障碍亚临床状态检出率的组间比较,相关因素分析采用二元Logistic回归模型。结果大学生进食障碍亚临床状态检出率为16.0%。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,处于恋爱状态(OR=1.22,95%CI=1.04~1.44)、超重和肥胖(OR值分别为2.75,3.82,95%CI值分别为2.24~3.38,2.89~5.06)、高估体形(OR=2.04,95%CI=1.68~2.49)、抑郁症状(OR=2.53,95%CI=1.99~3.21)、焦虑症状(OR=2.63,95%CI=2.16~3.20)、心理健康素养未达标(OR=1.37,95%CI=1.11~1.70)的大学生进食障碍亚临床状态风险更高,低体重(OR=0.15,95%CI=0.10~0.22)和低估体形(OR=0.37,95%CI=0.27~0.51)的大学生风险更低(P值均<0.05)。结论大学生进食障碍亚临床状态的检出率较高,并与恋爱状态、体质量指数分级、体形认知、抑郁症状、焦虑症状及心理健康素养相关。应采取综合性干预措施,改善大学生进食障碍亚临床状态,促进大学生身心健康。Objective To investigate the subclinical eating disorders among college students and to analyze associated factors,so as to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of eating disorders among adolescents.Methods From November to December 2023,a total of 5201 college students were selected by stratified random cluster sampling from one undergraduate college and one specialized college in Yangzhou City,Jiangsu Province.Data on general information,subclinical eating disorders,body image perception,depressive symptoms,anxiety symptoms,and mental health literacy were collected using questionnaires.The Chisquare test was used to compare the detection rates of subclinical eating disorders between groups,and binary Logistic regression was employed to analyze associated factors.Results The detection rate of subclinical eating disorders among college students was 16.0%.Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of subclinical eating disorders among college students was higher in the following categories:being in a relationship(OR=1.22,95%CI=1.04-1.44),being overweight and obese(OR=2.75,3.82,95%CI=2.24-3.38,2.89-5.06),overestimation of body shape(OR=2.04,95%CI=1.68-2.49),being in a depressive state(OR=2.53,95%CI=1.99-3.21),experiencing anxiety(OR=2.63,95%CI=2.16-3.20),and having substandard mental health literacy(OR=1.37,95%CI=1.11-1.70).Conversely,low body weight(OR=0.15,95%CI=0.10-0.22)and underestimation of body shape(OR=0.37,95%CI=0.27-0.51)were associated with a lower risk(P<0.05).Conclusions The detection rate of subclinical eating disorders among college students is high,and it is associated with relationship status,body mass index classification,body shape perception,depressive and anxiety symptoms,and mental health literacy.Comprehensive interventions should be implemented to improve the subclinical eating disorders and promote the physical and mental health of college students.

关 键 词：进食障碍 精神卫生 回归分析 学生 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R155.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] G444[哲学宗教—心理学]