天津市2023年中小学生脊柱弯曲异常和营养不良共患现况  

Prevalence of comorbidity of spinal curvature abnormality and malnutrition among primary and middle school students in Tianjin in 2023

作　　者：张依航 李佳欣 黄天彧 蔡珊 陈子玥 党佳佳 刘云飞 师嫡 蒋家诺 刘忠慧[2] 陈璐[2] 张献伟 董彦会 宋逸[1] ZHANG Yihang;LI Jiaxin;HUANG Tianyu;CAI Shan;CHEN Ziyue;DANG Jiajia;LIU Yunfei;SHI Di;JIANG Jianuo;LIU Zhonghui;CHEN Lu;ZHANG Xianwei;DONG Yanhui;SONG Yi(Institute of Child and Adolescent Health/School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing(100191),China;不详)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院/北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所,北京100191 [2]天津市疾病预防控制中心环境健康与公共卫生所

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2024年第8期1171-1175,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82273654)。

摘　　要：目的分析2023年天津市10~18岁中小学生脊柱弯曲异常与营养不良共患现状,为学生常见病多病共防与学校卫生体系构建提供科学依据。方法2023年9—10月采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取天津市31884名10~18岁中小学生为研究对象。采用《儿童青少年脊柱弯曲异常的筛查》标准判断脊柱弯曲异常情况,根据《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查》和《学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查》标准判定生长迟缓、消瘦、超重、肥胖情况。采用χ^(2)检验比较共患率的组间差异,采用多元Logistic回归模型分析不同群组共患类型的患病风险。结果天津市中小学生脊柱弯曲异常与营养不良共患率为1.6%,女生高于男生(1.8%,1.4%),高中生(2.5%)高于初中和小学生(2.0%,0.5%),郊县高于城区(2.1%,1.1%),差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为9.45,141.92,46.94,P值均<0.05)。多元Logistic回归模型显示,初中女生姿势不良与生长迟缓和消瘦共患(OR=4.52,95%CI=1.84~11.06)以及姿势不良与超重肥胖共患(OR=2.67,95%CI=1.74~4.10)风险均高于男生,脊柱侧弯/前后弯曲异常与生长迟缓和消瘦共患(OR=0.10,95%CI=0.02~0.44)风险低于男生,高中女生脊柱侧弯/前后弯曲异常与超重肥胖共患(OR=0.27,95%CI=0.11~0.66)风险低于男生(P值均<0.05)。结论天津市中小学生存在脊柱弯曲异常与营养不良共患流行,且各类型共患存在性别和学段差异。需加大学校卫生工作中对脊柱弯曲异常的防控力度,对重点人群强化筛查,并及时干预。Objective To analyze the prevalence of comorbidity of spinal curvature abnormality and malnutrition among primary and secondary school students aged 10-18 years in Tianjin in 2023,so as to provide scientific basis for the combined prevention of common diseases and multiple diseases among students and the construction of school health system.Methods In September to October 2023,31884 primary and secondary school students aged 10 to 18 years in Tianjin were selected using stratified cluster random sampling.Abnormal spinal curvature in children and adolescents was assessed by Sereening of Spinal Curvature Abnormality of Children and Adolescents,while stunting,wasting,overweight,and obesity were determined according to the Screening for Malnutrition among Schoolage Children and Adolescents and Screening for Overweight and Obesity among Schoolage Children and Adolescents.Theχ^(2)test was used to compare betweengroup differences in coprevalence,and multiple Logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk of different comorbidity types in different clusters.Results The coprevalence of spinal curvature abnormality and malnutrition among primary and secondary school students in Tianjin was 1.6%,which was higher for girls than boys(1.8%,1.4%),higher(2.5%)for senior high schools than for junior high schools and elementary schools(2.0%,0.5%),and higher in rural than in urban areas(2.1%,1.1%)(χ^(2)=9.45,141.92,46.94,P<0.05).Multiple Logistic regression models showed that junior high school girls had a higher risk of incorrect posture comorbid with stunting and wasting(OR=4.52,95%CI=1.84-11.06)and incorrect posture comorbid with overweight and obesity(OR=2.67,95%CI=1.74-4.10)than boys,and that scoliosis/sagittal spinal abnormality comorbid with stunting and wasting(OR=0.10,95%CI=0.02-0.44)risk was lower than that of boys,senior high school girls had a lower risk of scoliosis/sagittal spinal abnormality comorbid with overweight and obesity(OR=0.27,95%CI=0.11-0.66)(P<0.05).Conclusions The coprevalence of spinal curvat

关 键 词：脊柱弯曲 营养不良 共病现象 回归分析 学生 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R682.3[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] R153.2