新疆哈萨克族中小学生筛查性近视现况  

Analysis of the prevalence of screening myopia among Kazakh ethnic primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang

作　　者：李小龙 李宁 阿依努·努拉厚[1,2] 杨磊 朱马汗·托克达尔汗 王雁 王菁菁[3] 赵勇 LI Xiaolong;LI Ning;AINU Nurahou;YANG Lei;JUMAHAN Tokdarhan;WANG Yan;WANG Jingjing;ZHAO Yong(Department of Ophthalmology,Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi(830000),Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学附属中医医院眼科,乌鲁木齐830000 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区中医药研究院 [3]上海市眼病防治中心/上海市视觉健康中心

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2024年第7期928-931,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2022D01C551);新疆维吾尔自治区创新环境(人才、基地)建设专项项目(PT1905)。

摘　　要：目的了解新疆哈萨克族学生的近视现况,为学生近视防控提供数据支持。方法于2022年3—5月采取分层整群随机抽样方法选取新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐、昌吉、塔城三地区81所学校的18218名一至十二年级的哈萨克族中小学生进行眼部检查,采用χ^(2)检验比较不同年级、性别、地区、城乡及学段学生近视检出率差异。结果哈萨克族中小学生有4660名筛查性近视,检出率为25.6%,其中轻度近视占79.5%,中度占17.3%,高度占3.2%。女生筛查性近视检出率高于男生(30.4%,20.9%)(χ^(2)=217.17,P<0.01),且不同性别间近视程度构成差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.46,P<0.05)。乌鲁木齐市学生筛查性近视检出率高于塔城地区及昌吉回族自治州学生(37.3%,29.0%,20.0%)(χ^(2)=238.36,P<0.01)。城市学生筛查性近视检出率高于乡村(33.8%,14.4%)(χ^(2)=881.54,P<0.01)。不同学段学生筛查性近视检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1056.51,P<0.01),其中普通中学筛查性近视检出率依次高于职业中学生和小学生(37.8%,31.7%,15.8%);不同学段间近视程度差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=104.70,P值均<0.01)。结论新疆哈萨克族中小学生的筛查性近视检出率相对较低,应根据哈萨克族中小学生筛查性近视的分布特点采取相应干预措施,减少中小学生近视的发生。Objective To investigate the prevalence of myopia among Kazakh students in Xinjiang,so as to provide the data support for myopia prevention and control.Methods From March to May 2022,stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 18218 Kazakh students in grades 1 to 12 who underwent ocular examination,who were from 81 schools of Urumqi,Changji,and Tacheng in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.The Chi-square test was used to compare differences in myopia detection rates among students of different grades,genders,regions,urban-rural distribution and school stages.Results The prevalence of screening myopia was 25.6%(4660)among Kazakh primary and secondary students.The proportion of mild,moderate,and high myopia were 79.5%,17.3%and 3.2%,respectively.The prevalence rate of screening myopia in girls was higher than that in boys(30.4%,20.9%)(χ^(2)=217.17,P<0.01),and there was a significant difference in the degree of screening myopia between different genders(χ^(2)=9.46,P<0.05).The screening myopia detection rate of Urumqi was higher than that of Tacheng and Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture(37.3%,29.0%,20.0%),and the difference between different regions was statistically significant(χ^(2)=238.36,P<0.01).The detection rate of screening myopia was higher in urban areas than in rural areas(33.8%,14.4%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=881.54,P<0.01).Overall,the difference in the detection rate of screening myopia among students of different schooling stages was found to be statistically significant(χ^(2)=1056.51,P<0.01);and the screening myopia detection rate was higher among ordinary middle school students than vocational middle school and primary school students(37.8%,31.7%,15.8%).A statistically significant difference was also found in the degree of screening myopia among different schooling stages(χ^(2)=104.70,P<0.01).Conclusion The detection rate of screening myopia among Kazakh primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang is relatively low,and corresponding interventions should

关 键 词：近视 患病率 回归分析 学生 少数民族 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R778.11[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] R193