稀土熔盐渣钙化焙烧酸浸及动力学研究  

Calcification Roasting Acid Leaching and Kinetics of Rare Earth Molten Salt Slag

作　　者：刘庆生[1] 李威 肖浩 刘淼 聂华平[1] 邱廷省[2] Liu Qingsheng;Li Wei;Xiao Hao;Liu Miao;Nie Huaping;Qiu Tingshen(College of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China;Faculty of Resource and Environmental Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学材料冶金化学学部,江西赣州341000 [2]江西理工大学资源与环境工程学院,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《中国稀土学报》2024年第4期781-789,I0005,共10页Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1903405)资助。

摘　　要：针对目前从稀土熔盐电解渣中回收稀土效率低的问题,提出CaO焙烧转型-盐酸浸出法回收稀土。该方法系统考察了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、CaO添加量,以及HCl浓度、浸出时间、液固比、浸出温度等对渣中稀土提取效果的影响,并对焙烧过程进行动力学研究。结果表明,在焙烧温度700℃,焙烧时间3 h,CaO与稀土熔盐电解渣质量比0.9∶1,盐酸浓度5 mol·L^(-1),浸出时间1.5 h,液固比15∶1,浸出温度50℃,浸出时间1.5 h的条件下,稀土浸出率达到99.03%。焙烧反应过程受化学反应控制,反应表观活化能E_(a)为65.46 kJ·mol^(-1),动力学方程为1-(1-x)^(1/3)=exp(5.31068-7874.03289/T)。Aiming at the problem of low efficiency of rare earth recovery from rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag,CaO roasting transformation-hydrochloric acid leaching method is proposed.This method systematically investigated the effects of calcination temperature,calcination time,CaO addition,hydrochloric acid concentration,leaching time,liquid-solid ratio,and leaching temperature on the extraction effect of rare earth in slag,and the kinetic calculation of the calcination process was carried out.The results show that under the conditions of roasting temperature 700℃,roasting time 3 h,mass ratio of CaO to rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag0.9∶1,hydrochloric acid concentration 5 mol·L^(-1),leaching time 1.5 h,liquid-solid ratio 15∶1,leaching temperature 50℃and leaching time 1.5 h,the rare earth leaching rate reaches 99.03%.The roasting process is controlled by chemical reaction.Activation energy of this process is 65.46 kJ·mol^(-1)and the kinetic equation is 1-(1-x)^(1/3)=exp(5.31068-7874.03289/T).

关 键 词：稀土 熔盐电解渣 氧化钙焙烧 盐酸浸出 表观活化能 

分 类 号：TF803[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]