天然火山石板熔岩台地土壤条件对水稻稻米品质的影响  

Effects of the soil conditions of natural volcanic slate lava platform on rice grain quality

作　　者：李洪亮[1] 孙玉友[1] 魏才强[1] 张艳茗 曲金玲[1] 程杜娟[1] 解忠[1] 宋泽 刘春光[1] 姜龙[1] 徐德海[1] 时新瑞[1] LI Hongliang;SUN Yuyou;WEI Caiqiang;ZHANG Yanming;QU Jinling;CHENG Dujuan;XIE Zhong;SONG Ze;LIU Chunguang;JIANG Long;XU Dehai;SHI Xinrui(Mudanjiang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Mudanjiang 157041,China;College of Life Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院,黑龙江牡丹江157041 [2]武汉大学生命科学学院/杂交水稻国家重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2024年第10期172-186,共15页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：杂交水稻国家重点实验室(武汉大学)开放课题(KF202108);黑龙江省自然科学基金省市联合引导项目(SS2023C003);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-102)。

摘　　要：为揭示火山熔岩石板田土壤环境对提升寒地水稻稻米品质的机制,选取黑龙江省牡丹江响水火山玄武岩天然石板地水稻田(T_(1))和临近5.2 km的非石板地水稻田(T_(2)),采集土壤样本测定理化性状和元素含量等指标,并测定水稻品种灌浆结实期叶片光合参数、植株各部位N、P、K养分吸收、籽粒碳氮代谢关键酶活性变化及稻米品质指标,分析各品质指标与性状的相关性。结果表明:1)T_(1)土壤中有机质、有效硅及镁、铁、锌、硒等元素含量均显著高于T_(2)(P<0.05)。2)水稻各生育时期,T_(1)水稻叶片的SPAD均显著高于T_(2)(P<0.05),且植株鞘和叶、茎、穗各部位N、P、K养分的吸收和积累也显著高于T_(2)(P<0.05)。3)拔节-成熟期,T_(1)水稻单穴干物质重显著低于T_(2)(P<0.05),而单茎干物质重则显著高于T_(2)(P<0.05)。4)T_(1)籽粒中ADPG焦磷酸化酶和可溶性淀粉合成酶在灌浆后期仍能保持较高的活性,而谷氨酰胺合成酶在籽粒整个灌浆进程中酶活性均显著高于T_(2)(P<0.05)。5)T_(1)条件下稻米的17种氨基酸含量及Mg、Fe、Zn、Se等元素含量均显著高于T_(2)(P<0.05);T_(1)稻米的垩白米率、垩白度、粗蛋白含量均显著低于T_(2)(P<0.05),整精米率和食味评分均显著高于T_(2)(P<0.05);T_(1)土壤可使水稻籽粒淀粉的峰值粘度升高,同时降低了籽粒淀粉的最低粘度、衰减值和回生值等淀粉RVA特征值。综上,火山熔岩石板田土壤环境可促使水稻植株光合能力及水稻单茎干物质积累量升高、促进植株对N、P、K养分及天然腐殖土中营养元素的吸收和积累、增加整个灌浆结实期或灌浆后期淀粉形成的关键酶代谢活性,进而改善稻米品质。In order to reveal the mechanism of the volcanic lava slate soil environment on improving rice quality in cold region,soil samples were collected from the natural volcanic lava paddy field(T_(1))and ordinary rice field(T_(2))adjacent to the Xiangshui’s volcanic lava paddy field(5.2 km)in Mudanjiang City,Heilongjiang Province to determine their physical and chemical properties and soil element content.The photosynthetic parameters of leaves,N,P and K uptake,key enzyme activities of C and N metabolism at grain filling stage and rice quality indexes,and the correlation between various quality indicators and traits were investigated.The results showed that:The contents of organic matter,available silicon,magnesium,iron,zinc and selenium in T_(1)soil were significantly higher than those in T_(2)soil(P<0.05).At various growth stages of rice,the SPAD of leaves in T_(1)were significantly higher than those in T_(2)(P<0.05),and the absorption and accumulation of N,P,K in sheath,stem and panicle were also significantly higher(P<0.05).From the jointing to maturity of rice,the dry matter weight per hole in T_(1)was significantly lower than that in T_(2)(P<0.05),while the dry matter weight per stem was significantly higher(P<0.05).The activities of ADPG phosphorylase and soluble starch synthase of T_(1)grains were still higher in the late grain filling stage,and the activity of glutamine synthetase was significantly higher than that of T_(2)during the whole grain filling period(P<0.05).The contents of 17 amino acids,Mg,Fe,Zn and Se of rice under T_(1)were significantly higher than those of T_(2)(P<0.05).The chalkiness rate,chalky degree and crude protein content of rice in T_(1)were significantly lower than those of T_(2)(P<0.05),while head rice rate and taste score were significantly higher(P<0.05).The peak viscosity of rice grain starch in T_(1)was increased,while the minimum viscosity,attenuation and retrogradation value were decreased.To sum up,the soil environment of volcanic lava slate could increase the photosynthetic

关 键 词：天然石板田 光合物质生产 碳氮代谢关键酶 稻米品质 

分 类 号：Q945.11[生物学—植物学] S511.22[农业科学—作物学]