播期对不同海拔地区带状间作大豆茎叶生长和产量的影响  

Effects of sowing date on the stem and leaf growth and yield of soybean strip intercropping at different altitude areas

作　　者：龚牙会 杨敏 林萍 高超 杨立达 朱文雪 彭新月 袁晓婷 李雨泽 杨文钰[1] 雍太文[1] GONG Yahui;YANG Min;LIN Ping;GAO Chao;YANG Lida;ZHU Wenxue;PENG Xinyue;YUAN Xiaoting;LI Yuze;YANG Wenyu;YONG Taiwen(College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/四川省作物带状复合种植工程技术研究中心,成都611130

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2024年第10期187-198,共12页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1100200);国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-04-PS21)。

摘　　要：为明确四川省凉山州不同海拔地区的大豆适宜品种和播期,采用裂裂区试验设计,在低海拔(1600 m、LA),中海拔(2000 m、MA)和高海拔(2400 m、HA)地区,选用大豆‘齐黄34’(‘QH 34’)和‘成豆18’(‘CD 18’)为试验材料,于4月21日(早播、S_(1))和5月21日(晚播、S_(2))播种,调查大豆生育期,测定并分析3个海拔地区大豆透光率、茎秆与叶片干物质分配率及产量等指标。结果表明:播期与品种对带状间作大豆的生长发育、光环境、干物质分配、产量均有显著影响(P<0.05)。与S_(2)相比,3个海拔地区的S_(1)播期下‘QH 34’和‘CD 18’生育期分别延长15(LA)、19(MA)、5(HA)和15(LA)、15(MA)、7 d(HA)(P<0.05),冠层透光率和倒伏率均显著降低(P<0.05),分枝数和叶面积指数则显著增加(P<0.05);其中LA的分枝数增加34.21%和17.39%,‘CD 18’在成熟期荚的干物质分配率升高9.24%(P<0.05)。S_(1)播期下各海拔‘QH 34’产量较S_(2)分别增加10.01%(LA)、25.37%(MA)、43.56%(HA)(P<0.05),‘CD 18’的产量则相应增加23.23%(LA)、18.73%(MA)、62.27%(HA)(P<0.05),S_(1)播期下‘QH 34’和‘CD 18’在3个海拔地区的产量分别为2611.26和2740.18(LA)、2627.87和2947.02(MA)、1115.22和1405.96 kg/hm^(2)(HA);其中以‘CD 18’在MA地区S_(1)产量最高。综上,在四川省凉山州海拔1600~2400 m地区,选用‘CD 18’适时早播(4月21日,S_(1))有利于大豆玉米带状间作模式下大豆增产。In order to determine the appropriate soybean varieties and sowing dates at different altitudes in Liangshan Prefecture,Sichuan Province,a split-area experimental design was implemented.The experimental materials used were soybean varieties‘Qihuang 34’(‘QH 34’)and‘Chengdou 18’(‘CD 18’)sown at low altitude(1600 m,LA),middle altitude(2000 m,MA)and high altitude(2400 m,HA).Soybean experimental varieties were planted on April 21th(early sowing,S_(1))and May 21th(late sowing,S_(2))at each altitude,respectively.The growth period of soybean was recorded,and the light transmittance,stem,leaf and dry matter distribution ratio and yield of soybean at three altitudes were measured and analyzed.The results showed that:The sowing dates and varieties had significant effects(P<0.05)on the growth and development,light environment,dry matter allocation,and yield of soybean in strip intercropping.Compared with S_(2),the growth period of‘QH 34’and‘CD 18’at three different altitudes of S_(1)was extended by 15,19,5 d,and 15,15,7 d,respectively(P<0.05).The canopy transmittance and lodging rate were significantly reduced(P<0.05),while the number of branches and leaf area index increased significantly(P<0.05).Among them,the number of branches increased by 34.21%and 17.39%,the dry matter distribution ratio of‘CD 18’at maturity pods was elevated by 9.24%(P<0.05)in LA.The yield of‘QH 34’at each altitude in the S_(1)sowing date increased by 10.01%(LA),25.37%(MA),and 43.56%(HA)(P<0.05)compared with the S_(2)sowing date.Similarly,the yield of‘CD 18’increased by 23.23%(LA),18.73%(MA),and 62.27%(HA)(P<0.05)compared to S_(2)sowing date.The yields of‘QH 34’and‘CD 18’in the three altitude areas under the S_(1)sowing date were 2611.26 and 2740.18(LA),2627.87 and 2947.02(MA),1115.22 and 1405.96 kg/hm^(2)(HA);Among them,‘CD 18’had the highest yield in MA under S_(1)sowing date.In conclusion,in the area with an altitude of 1600-2400 m in Liangshan Prefecture of Sichuan Province,the selection of‘CD 18�

关 键 词：大豆-玉米带状间作 海拔 播期 茎叶特性 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]