兽用抗菌药有序减量的理论分析、实证测度与实现路径研究  

Theoretical analysis,empirical measurement and realization path of orderly reduction of veterinary antibiotics

作　　者：张园园[1] 崔傲然 ZHANG Yuanyuan;CUI Aoran(College of Economics and Management,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271001,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学经济管理学院,山东泰安271001

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2024年第10期239-250,共12页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(20CGL029)。

摘　　要：为进一步明确兽用抗菌药减量路径,助推畜牧业绿色低碳转型与高质量发展,基于山东省702家生猪养殖企业的调查数据,通过构建损害控制模型测度兽用抗菌药的最优使用量,并进一步分析当前生猪养殖过程中兽用抗菌药的用药种类和用药结构,提出兽用抗菌药的有序减量路径。结果表明:1)兽用抗菌药减量符合生猪养殖主体利润最大化的根本诉求,是生猪产业高质量发展的重要内涵,也是国家生态文明建设的重要体现;由于生猪疫病的危害程度不同、兽用抗菌药的功能差异以及兽用抗菌药的药物替代选择,应开展兽用抗菌药有序减量。2)当前受访企业兽用抗菌药投入的边际生产率接近于0,最优使用量为9.53元/头,超量使用7.21元/头,且四环素类、β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类与磺胺类兽用抗菌药使用占比较高,促生长类兽用抗菌药和广谱抗菌药使用较为普遍。3)兽用抗菌药有序减量应优先减少疗效不佳、轻症疫病的过度保健用药,优先减少促生长类兽用抗菌药使用量,优先减少可中药替代的兽用抗菌药使用量。因此,应着力提升利益相关主体的兽用抗菌药减量能力、加快产业链转型升级、加大兽用抗菌药使用风险点的监督监测。本研究为推进兽用抗菌药减量提供理论借鉴和政策参考。In order to further clarify the reduction path of veterinary antimicrobials and promote the green and low-carbon transformation and high-quality development of animal husbandry,based on the survey data of 702 pig breeding enterprises in Shandong Province,a damage control model was constructed to measure the optimal usage of veterinary antibiotics.Futhermore,the types and structure of veterinary antibiotics used in the current pig breeding process were analyzed,and an orderly reduction path of veterinary antimicrobials was proposed.The results showed that:1)The reduction of antimicrobial drugs for veterinary use is in line with the fundamental demand of maximizing the profit of pig breeding subjects,which is an important connotation of the high-quality development of pig industry and an important embodiment of national ecological civilization construction.Due to the varying degrees of harm caused by pig diseases,the fuctional differences of veternatives for veterinary antibiotics,it is necessary to carry out orderly reduction of veterinary antibiotics.2)At present,the marginal productivity of the input of veterinary antimicrobials in the surveyed enterprises is close to 0,with an optimal usage rate of 9.53 yuan/head and the excessive usage rate of 7.21 yuan/head.The use of tetracycline,β-lactam,aminoglycoside and sulfonamides for veterinary antimicrobials is relatively high,and the use of growth-promoting veterinary antimicrobials and broad-spectrum antimicrobials is more common.3)Orderly reduction of veterinary antimicrobials should prioritiza the reduction of overuse of health care drugs with poor efficacy and mild diseases.Priority should be given to reducing the use of growth promoting veterinary antibiotics,and the use of veterinary antibiotics that can be replaced by traditional Chinese medicine should be prioritized.Therefore,efforts should be made to improve the ability of stakeholders to reduce veterinary drugs,accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the industrial chain,and increase the supervisi

关 键 词：生猪养殖 兽用抗菌药 损害控制模型 有序减量 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]