军用便携式机械能发电技术  

Military portable mechanical energy generation technologies

作　　者：张松通 顾昊 胡海良 明海 ZHANG Songtong;GU Hao;HU Hailiang;MING Hai(Research Institute of Chemical Defense,Academy of Military Science,Beijing 100191,China;College of Chemical Engineering,Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]军事科学院防化研究院,北京100191 [2]贵州民族大学化学工程学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《国防科技》2024年第4期34-42,共9页National Defense Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21703285)。

摘　　要：鉴于便携式机械能发供电技术可从多维度丰富战场电能源保障方式,聚焦机械外骨骼发电、摩擦发电、压电发电和手摇发电机(微型电机)等便携式机械能发电技术,分析比较各发电技术的原理及其衍生的前沿技术或装备成品在军事上的应用效能和发展前景。机械外骨骼可为士兵系统提供稳定电源,延长作战续航时间;摩擦发电可为通信和导航设备充电,增强士兵战场感知能力;压电技术嵌入军服可为泛在传感器和医疗监测设备供电,提升士兵生存能力;手摇发电机可用于紧急情况中关键设备的应急供电。由此,提出后续应从泛在能量收集、能量高效存储和电源管理系统的集成设计方面提升便携式机械能发电装置的性能,也可将其与物理或化学电源进行灵活组装以获得供电能力更高、适应性更强、可靠性和安全性更好的供电体系。总体而言,这些技术应结合装备和设施供电能力需求等来考虑技术可行性、可靠性和安全性,以确保在实战中发挥最大效益。Portable mechanical energy generation technology is supposed to have a great strategic significance in power supply in all operational environments,hence,with the focus on portable mechanical energy generation technologies such as mechanical exoskeleton power generation,tribopower generation,piezoelectric power generation,and hand crank generator(micro motor),the principle of each mechanical energy generation technology is analyzed and the military application efficiency and development prospects of derived frontier technologies or service-equipment are compared.For instance,the mechanical exoskeleton can provide a stable power supply for the soldier system and extend the endurance time in operations;tribopower generation can charge the communication and navigation equipment to enhance the battlefield awareness of soldiers;piezoelectric technology embedded in military uniforms can power ubiquitous sensors and medical monitoring equipment to improve soldier survivability;hand crank generator can be used for emergency power supply of critical equipment in emergencies.It is suggested that the performance of portable mechanical power generation devices should be improved in the integrated design of ambient energy harvesting,high-efficient energy storage,and power management systems.They can also be flexibly assembled with physical and chemical power sources to make a composite power supply system with higher power supply capacity,greater adaptability,and better safety and reliability.In general,the technical feasibility,reliability,and safety of these technologies should be considered based on the specific power supply needs of equipment and facilities to ensure maximum effectiveness in actual combat applications.

关 键 词：便携式装备 机械外骨骼 摩擦发电技术 压电陶瓷 手摇发电机 

分 类 号：O646[理学—物理化学]