基于120K液相芯片对310份小麦种质的遗传多样性分析  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of 310 Wheat Accessions Based on 120K Liquid-Phase SNP Array

作　　者：程斌 丁延庆 曹宁 高旭[1] 徐建霞 罗永露 张立异[1] 王伟[1] CHENG Bin;DING Yanqing;CAO Ning;GAO Xu;XU Jianxia;LUO Yonglu;ZHANG Liyi;WANG Wei(Institute of Upland Crops,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院旱粮研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2024年第9期1104-1114,共11页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2022]一般234);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2023]一般170);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2024]一般109);科研机构创新能力建设项目(黔科合服企[2022]007);贵州省农科院项目(黔农科种质资源[2023]06号);贵州省农科院项目(黔农科科技创新[2023]02号);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3-86);国家农业科技重大项目(NK20220607)。

摘　　要：为了解贵州小麦农家种与其他地方育成品种间基因组中被选择的区域,对来自中国黄淮麦区和西南麦区的310份小麦材料进行了120K液相芯片检测。结果表明,该群体可以分为中国北方、中国南方和贵州农家种3个相对独立的类群,其中四川的小麦遗传多样性相对较高,贵州农家种遗传多样性较低。其原因可能是四川小麦含有一定的阿勃血统和人工合成小麦的血缘,对小麦的增产增收具有突出作用,而贵州农家种在现代育种中使用频率很低。陕西的小麦品种在第一、第三和第五亚群中,可能是陕西当地的材料引进了其他地方的小麦种质资源,通过杂交或者回交产生了新的品种(系),血缘上更加丰富,遗传多样性更高。通过对贵州农家种/其他地方育成品种(系)之间选择性消除分析,利用π、Fst、XP-CLR等方法鉴定到与春化、株高、芒长、抗病、抗逆等相关的37个基因,包括了诸如TaVRN2-5A、TaDIR-A1、Rht12和ALI-1/B1/Tipped1/AWNS1等的重要位点。由此可见,中国部分育成小麦品种存在遗传多样性差异,建议通过开发新的育种策略,聚合优异等位基因,促进对地方农家种合理利用。In order to undestand the selected regions in the genomes of Guizhou wheat landraces and cultivated varieties from other provinces,120K liquid SNP array was used to detect on 310 wheat materials mainly from the Yellow and Huai River Valleys Wheat Zone and the Southwest Wheat Zone.The results showed that the population can be divided into three relatively independent groups:northern China,southern China,and Guizhou landraces,among which the genetic diversity of wheat in Sichuan is relatively high,the genetic diversity of Guizhou landraces is relatively low.It may be attributed to that Sichuan wheat varieties may contain certain Abbondanza or artificially synthesized wheat in their pedigrees,which make outstanding contributions to wheat yield and income increase.The frequency of use of Guizhou landraces is low in modern breeding.It is worth noting that wheat varieties from Shaanxi have been classified into the first,third,and fifth subgroups,possibly due to the introduction of wheat germplasm resources from other regions using local materials in Shaanxi.Through hybridization or backcrossing,new varieties/lines have been produced,resulting in richer variations and higher genetic diversity.Further selective sweep analysis was conducted on Guizhou landraces/other cultivated varieties(lines),and 37 genes related to vernalization,plant height,awn length,disease resistance,and stress resistance were identified usingπ,F st,XP-CLR and other methods,including important loci such as TaVRN2-5A,TaDIR-A1,Rht12,and ALI-1/B1/Tripped1/AWNS1.This study revealed the genetic diversity differences of some wheat varieties developed in China,and it is suggested that wheat londrances should be reasonably used by developing new breeding strategies and aggregating excellent alleles.

关 键 词：普通小麦 遗传多样性 液相芯片 群体结构 选择清除 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330