不同覆盖方式对旱地冬小麦土壤水热及光合特性的影响  

Effect of Different Mulching Methods on Hydrothermal and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Winter Wheat in Drylands

作　　者：阎龙霞 马建涛 柴雨葳 张姚 王彦萍 李博文 常磊[1] 程宏波[3] 柴守玺[1] YAN Longxia;MA Jiantao;CHAI Yuwei;ZHANG Yao;WANG Yanping;LI Bowen;CHANG Lei;CHENG Hongbo;CHAI Shouxi(Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Habitat Crop Science/College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Gansu Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业技术推广总站,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2024年第9期1185-1194,共10页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：甘肃农业大学公招博士科研启动项目(GAU-KYQD-2022-05);国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-03-85);甘肃省科技计划项目(22CX8NA046)。

摘　　要：为了探明不同覆盖方式对旱地冬小麦土壤水热、光合特性的影响,在陇中半干旱区,设置了露地无覆盖(CK)、秸秆带状覆盖(SM4、SM5)和地膜覆盖(PM),对不同处理下小麦田土壤水热状况、叶片光合指标和产量进行测定与分析。结果表明,与CK比较,SM4、SM5和PM处理均显著增加了冬小麦播种至收获期的土壤平均含水量,增幅分别为7.0%、9.0%和8.5%;SM4和SM5处理显著降低了冬小麦全生育期土壤平均温度,降幅分别为11.3%和13.7%,而PM处理显著增加了全生育期土壤平均温度,增幅为6.7%;SM4、SM5和PM处理使小麦净光合速率(P_(n))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、气孔导度(G_(s))分别增加了16.3%、18.4%、2.6%,17.2%、19.2%、8.9%和26.0%、30.7%、8.9%,使胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))分别降低7.2%、9.1%和3.1%,SM5处理较SM4处理的变幅更大。与CK相比,SM4、SM5、PM处理显著增加了冬小麦籽粒产量和生物产量,增幅分别为11.9%、18.0%、20.9%和16.7%、19.0%、25.5%。相关分析表明,冬小麦籽粒产量与旗叶P_(n)(r=0.539*)和T_(r)(r=0.633*)呈显著正相关;冬小麦开花期和灌浆前期旗叶光合生理特性对籽粒产量和千粒重的影响大于灌浆后期。可见,在旱地小麦种植中,秸秆带状覆盖能显著改善土壤水热情况,提高旗叶光合能力,使小麦产量显著增加。In order to explore the effects of different mulching methods on the hydrothermal and photosynthetic characteristics of dryland winter wheat soil,open field without mulching(CK),straw strip mulching(SM4,SM5)and plastic film mulching(PM)were set up in the semi-arid area of Longzhong to measure and analyze the soil hydrothermal status,leaf photosynthetic indices and yield of wheat fields under different treatments.The results showed that compared with CK,SM4,SM5 and PM treatments significantly increased the average soil moisture from sowing to harvest of winter wheat by 7.0%,9.0%and 8.5%,respectively.SM4 and SM5 treatments significantly decreased the average soil temperature during the whole growth period of winter wheat by 11.3%and 13.7%,respectively,while PM treatment significantly increased the average soil temperature during the whole growth period by 6.7%.SM4,SM5,and PM treatments increased the net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),transpiration rate(T_(r)).and stomatal conductance(G_(s))of wheat by 16.3%,18.4%and 2.6%;17.2%,19.2%and 8.9%;and 26.0%,30.7%and 8.9%,respectively.The intercellular CO_(2) concentration(C_(i))was decreased by 7.2%,9.1%and 3.1%,respectively,and the amplitude of SM5 was greater than that of SM4 treatment.Compared with CK,SM4,SM5,and PM treatments significantly increased the grain yield and biological yield of winter wheat by 11.9%,18.0%and 20.9%,and 16.7%,19.0%and 25.5%,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that the grain yield of winter wheat was significantly positively correlated with the net photosynthetic rate(r=0.539*)and transpiration rate(r=0.633*)of flag leaves.The effects of photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves on grain yield and 1000-grain weight in winter wheat at flowering stage and early grain filling stage were greater than those at late grain filling stage.It can be seen that in dryland wheat planting area,straw strip mulching can significantly improve soil moisture and heat conditions,increase the photosynthetic capacity of flag leaves,and significantly increase w

关 键 词：冬小麦 地膜覆盖 秸秆带状覆盖 土壤水温 光合特性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311