集装箱养殖生态净化池塘中浮游植物群落结构多样性分析  

Diversity analysis of phytoplankton community structure in container aquaculture ecological purification pond

作　　者：闵文武 王龙燕 陈飞雄 周其椿 MIN Wenwu;WANG Longyan;CHEN Feixiong;ZHOU Qichun(Fisheries Research Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Special Aquatic Products Engineering Technology Center,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Institute of Biology,Guiyang 550009,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院水产研究所,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省特种水产工程技术中心,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州省生物研究所,贵州贵阳550009

出　　处：《水产科技情报》2024年第5期302-310,共9页Fisheries Science & Technology Information

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目[黔科合支撑(2020)1Y102,(2020)1Y105];贵州省农业科学院青年科技基金项目[黔农科院青年基金(2019)25];贵州省科技计划项目[黔科合重大专项字(2019)3010];贵阳市科技计划项目[筑科合同(2022)3-29号]。

摘　　要：为了解集装箱养殖排放水污染状况及其生态净化池塘中浮游植物群落结构的变化动态,于2020年对“集装箱+生态池塘”循环水养殖系统的生态净化池塘水体进行了调查采样,运用物种多样性指数分析浮游植物群落结构特征,运用密度和生物量比较曲线(ABC曲线)和聚类分析探究浮游植物群落的受干扰程度及其时间聚类差异,运用冗余分析揭示浮游植物群落与环境因子的响应关系。结果显示,调查期间生态净化池塘水体中共检出浮游植物7门49属80种,以绿藻门为主,占比为47.5%,其次是硅藻门,占17.5%;各月份浮游植物物种数的平均值为21种,其中7月份物种数最多(26种),10月份最少(13种)。赖氏泽丝藻(Limnothrix redekei)、湖泊假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena limnetica)、尖针杆藻(Synedra acus)和丛球韦斯藻(Westella botryoides)为优势种。浮游植物密度、生物量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数平均值分别为13.31×10^(6) cells/L、7.16 mg/L、1.93、0.64和1.26。ABC曲线显示,浮游植物群落结构受中等干扰,群落组成主要以密度和生物量占优势的物种为主。聚类分析结果显示,浮游植物群落呈现不显著的季节分异特征。冗余分析结果显示,水体氨氮含量与浮游植物群落结构显著相关。To understand the pollution status of water discharged from container aquaculture and the dynamic changes of phytoplankton community structure in the ecological purification pond,an investigation and sampling were conducted in the ecological purification pond of the“container+ecological pond”recirculating aquaculture system in 2020.The species diversity index was used to analyze the characteristics of the phytoplankton community structure.The abundance and biomass comparison curve(ABC curve)as well as cluster analysis were used to investigate the disturbance degree of the phytoplankton community and its temporal clustering difference,and the redundancy analysis(RDA)was used to explore the response relationship between the phytoplankton community and environmental factors.The results showed that a total of 80 species of phytoplankton community belonging to 49 genera and 7 phyla were detected in the ecological purification pond,with Chlorophyta being the predominant phytoplankton group(47.5%),followed by Bacillariophyta(17.5%).The number of phytoplankton species reached the highest level in July(26 species)and the lowest in October(13 species).Dominant species included Limnothrix redekei,Pseudoanabaena limnetica,Synedra acus and Westella botryoides.The average values of phytoplankton density,biomass,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Pielou evenness index and Margalef richness index were 13.31×10^(6)cells/L,7.16 mg/L,1.93,0.64 and 1.26,respectively.The ABC curve indicated that the phytoplankton community structure was moderately disturbed,with community composition mainly dominated by species with high density and biomass.Cluster analysis showed that the phytoplankton community exhibited some insignificant seasonal differentiation characteristics.RDA revealed that ammonia nitrogen was significantly related to the phytoplankton community structure.

关 键 词：水产养殖 生态池塘 浮游植物 群落结构 物种多样性 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]