行贿犯罪从严查处的合理性及实现路径  

On the Extensive Investigation and Punishment of the Crime of Offering Bribes and Their Realization

作　　者：王志祥 李昊天 Wang Zhixiang;Li Haotian(College for Criminal Law Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,Beijing,China;School of Law,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,Tianjin,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院,北京100875 [2]天津师范大学法学院,天津300387

出　　处：《廉政文化研究》2024年第3期43-56,F0002,共15页Anti-corruption and Integrity Culture Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(21BFX009)。

摘　　要：作为贿赂犯罪的刑事政策,“受贿行贿一起查”是对当下存在的“轻行贿、重受贿”现象的纠偏,借助于社会各界对受贿犯罪惩治已有的重视程度,提高对行贿犯罪惩治的关注度,强调对行贿犯罪予以从严查处。在立法层面,对行贿犯罪的从严查处,并不意味着提升行贿罪的惩罚力度,而是通过对行贿罪构成要件要素的修改和降低入罪数额标准的方式,将更多的行贿行为纳入《刑法》的处罚范围。根据“囚徒困境”理论,在贿赂犯罪的处罚范围上,对行贿罪和受贿罪应当采取对称模式;对行贿罪的特别自首制度,有必要针对其存在的处罚过严的问题做出趋宽的调整;在贿赂犯罪的刑罚配置上,应当采取不对称模式,即考虑到行贿犯罪和受贿犯罪的社会危害性差异及刑事政策差异,行贿罪的刑罚严厉程度理应低于受贿罪。As a criminal policy for bribery crimes,“joint investigation of accepting bribes and offering bribes”is a correction to the current phenomenon of“emphasizing the investigation and punishment of accepting bribes and neglecting offering bribes”.This policy attaches great importance to the significance of punishing the acts of offering bribes in the governance of bribery crimes,increases the attention to the punishment of the crime of offering bribes and emphasizes extensive investigation and punishment of this crime.At the legislative level,the strict investigation and punishment of the crime of offering bribes does not mean increasing the punishment for this crime,but rather incorporating more behaviors of offering bribes into the scope of punishment in the criminal law by modifying the constitutive elements of this crime and lowering the standards for the incrimination amount of this crime.According to the requirements of the theory of“prisoner’s dilemma”,in the scope of punishment for bribery crimes,a symmetrical model should be adopted for the crimes of accepting bribes and offering bribes.It is necessary to make lenient adjustments to the special voluntary surrender system for the crime of offering bribes in response to the problem of excessive punishment.In the punishment configuration of bribery crimes,the asymmetrical pattern should be adopted.That is,in consideration of the differences in social harm and criminal policies between the crime of accepting bribes and the crime of offering bribes,the severity of punishment for the latter should be lower than that for the former.

关 键 词：行贿罪 刑事政策 特别自首制度 受贿罪 囚徒困境 

分 类 号：D924.392[政治法律—刑法学]