设备、姿势对手过头作业肌肉疲劳的影响研究  

Study on the Influence of Equipment Weight and Posture on Muscle Fatigue in Overhead Work

作　　者：赵川 杨文鑫 赵晓一 ZHAO Chuan;YANG Wen-xin;ZHAO Xiao-yi(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Qingdao University,Qingdao Shandong 266000,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学机电工程学院,山东青岛266000

出　　处：《人类工效学》2024年第3期12-17,共6页Chinese Journal of Ergonomics

基　　金：国防科技基金项目(2021-JCJQ-JJ-1026)。

摘　　要：目的分析在手过头作业中不同设备及作业姿势对上肢肌肉疲劳发展的影响,避免上肢肌肉疲劳累积,降低与工作相关肌肉骨骼损伤(WMSDs)风险。方法设计手过头作业试验,招募16名被试,研究手肘屈曲(肩关节屈曲90°,肘关节屈曲90°)及手臂伸直(肩关节屈曲135°,肘关节屈曲30°)姿势下不同设备重量(1.0 kg、1.5 kg和2.0 kg)对手过头作业的最大耐受时间(MET)、最大剩余肌力(F)以及主观肌肉疲劳评分(REP)的影响。结果手过头作业过程中肩部和上臂的肌肉疲劳明显,手肘屈曲使用2.0 kg设备肌肉疲劳最为显著,手臂伸直使用1.0 kg设备最不易产生肌肉疲劳累积。结论设备重量和作业姿势显著影响手过头作业肌肉疲劳,设备重量是影响手过头作业肌肉疲劳的重要因素,手肘屈曲比手臂伸直姿势下作业更易产生肌肉疲劳累积,会导致工作效率快速下降。Objective To analyze the influence of different equipment weights and working postures on the development of upper limb muscle fatigue in overhead work,so as to avoid the accumulation of muscle fatigue in the upper extremities and reduce the risk of work-related musculoskeletal injuries(WMSDs).Methods 16 subjects were recruited to participate in the overhead experiment,the effects of different equipment weights(1.0kg,1.5kg and 2.0kg)on the maximum tolerance time(MET),maximum residual muscle strength(F)and subjective muscle fatigue score(REP)of overhead work under elbow flexion(shoulder joint flexion 90°,elbow joint flexion 90°)and arm extension(shoulder joint flexion 135°,elbow joint flexion 30°)were analyzed.Results The muscle fatigue is the most obvious when using 2.0kg equipment with elbow flexion,and the muscle fatigue accumulation is least likely to occur when using 1.0kg equipment with arms extension.Conclusion The weight of equipment and working posture significantly affect muscle fatigue during overhead work.The weight of equipment is an important factor affecting muscle fatigue during overhead work.Elbow flexion is more likely to cause muscle fatigue accumulation than working in the arm extension posture,which will lead to a rapid decline in work efficiency.

关 键 词：职业健康 手过头作业 上肢肌肉疲劳 作业姿势 主观疲劳评分(REP) 工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs) 

分 类 号：X912.9[环境科学与工程—安全科学]