宁夏沙坡头国家级自然保护区流动沙丘移动与固定沙地风蚀的研究  

Study on Movement of Mobile Sand Dune and Wind Erosion on Fixed Sand Land in Ningxia Shapotou National Nature Reserve

作　　者：何沐原 郝丽波 刘超 张素娟 赵爱国 何兴东[4] HE Muyuan;HAO Libo;LIU Chao;ZHANG Sujuan;ZHAO Aiguo;HE Xingdong(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China;Ningxia Zhongwei Shapotou National Nature Reserve Administration,Zhongwei 755099,China;Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Science,Lanzhou 730000,China;College of Life Sciences,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300350 [2]宁夏中卫沙坡头国家级自然保护区管理局,宁夏中卫755099 [3]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,兰州730000 [4]南开大学生命科学学院,天津300071

出　　处：《湖南生态科学学报》2024年第3期11-18,共8页Journal of Hunan Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30970546)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】深入探究宁夏沙坡头国家级自然保护区流动沙丘营建植被后土壤风蚀抑制效率的定量关系,以期为我国干旱区制定合理的防风固沙方案提供理论依据。【方法】在宁夏沙坡头国家级自然保护区内3处流动沙丘各设置3个观测点,采取插钎法观测流动沙丘的移动;同时在保护区3处固定沙地采集栽植沙柳地段、栽植樟子松地段与栽植油蒿、花棒、柠条地段的原状土和各自对照的原状土开展室内风洞实验,风洞内观测在不同风速下的吹蚀变化。【结果】宁夏沙坡头国家级自然保护区流动沙丘一个风季平均前移3.23 m。风洞内不同风速吹蚀下,栽植沙柳地段样地土样的风蚀模数与对照相比,在风速为15 m/s时减少96.78%,在风速为20 m/s时减少97.07%;在10、15、20 m/s的风速吹蚀下,栽植樟子松地段样地土样的风蚀模数分别比对照减少53.13%、99.61%、99.84%,栽植油蒿、花棒、柠条地段样地土样的风蚀模数分别比对照减少50.00%、65.01%、3.65%。【结论】流动沙丘采用机械草方格固定后栽植人工植被能够促进地表生物结皮形成,进而土壤风蚀大为减弱。在干旱半干旱区进行植物固沙工作时要高度重视生物结皮的防治土壤风蚀的作用,以促进我国的生态恢复。【Objective】The purpose of this study is to investigate the quantitative relationship of soil wind erosion suppression after vegetation construction on mobile sand dunes in Ningxia Shapotou National Nature Reserve,in order to provide theoretical basis for formulating reasonable wind prevention and sand fixation plans in arid areas of China.【Method】Three observation points were set up in each of the three mobile sand dunes in Ningxia Shapotou National Nature Reserve,and the movement of mobile sand dunes was observed by the insertion method.At the same time,indoor wind tunnel experiments were conducted to observe the erosion changes of the undisturbed soil collected from the Salix psammophila planting area,the Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica planting area,and the Artemisia ordosica,Hedysarum scoparium,Caragana microphylla and C.korshinskii planting areas,as well as every control undisturbed soil under different wind speeds.【Result】The mobile sand dunes in Ningxia Shapotou National Nature Reserve moved 3.23 meters average in one wind season.Under different wind speeds in the wind tunnel,the wind erosion modulus of the soil samples in the Salix psammophila planting area decreased by 96.78%compared to the control at a wind speed of 15 m/s and by 97.07%at a wind speed of 20 m/s;Under wind speeds of 10,15,and 20 m/s,the wind erosion modulus of the soil samples in the Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica planting area was reduced by 53.13%,99.61%,99.84%compared to the control,while the wind erosion modulus of the soil samples in the Artemisia ordosica,Hedysarum scoparium,Caragana microphylla and C.korshinskii planting area was reduced by 50.00%,65.01%,3.65%compared to the control.【Conclusion】In Ningxia Shapotou National Nature Reserve,the use of straw checkerboard barriers and artificial vegetation planting on mobile sand dunes can promote the formation of surface biological crust,thereby soil wind erosion is greatly reduced.In order to promote the ecological restoration in China,we should attach great importance

关 键 词：固定沙地 人工植被 风洞实验 宁夏沙坡头国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学] S77[生物学—普通生物学]