2000—2022年中国钕动态物质流分析  

Dynamic material flow analysis of neodymium in China from 2000 to 2022

作　　者：蔡浚旭 文博杰 韩中奎 代涛[2,3] 闫强[2,3] CAI Junxu;WEN Bojie;HAN Zhongkui;DAI Tao;YAN Qiang(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;Global Mineral Resources Strategy Research Center,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [2]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,北京100037 [3]中国地质科学院全球矿产资源战略研究中心,北京100037

出　　处：《中国矿业》2024年第9期1-11,共11页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查项目“全球矿产资源战略研究”资助(编号:DD20221795);国家重点研发计划课题“全球战略性矿产大数据平台和预警与决策支持技术”项目资助(编号:2021YFC2901801);国家自然科学基金项目“基于物质流分析的金属资源效率跨国比较与协同提升对策研究”资助(编号:71961147003)。

摘　　要：钕(Nd)是全球能源绿色低碳转型过程中所需的关键稀土金属元素,广泛应用于电子、家用电器、风力涡轮机、汽车催化剂、传统汽车和新能源汽车等领域。钕重要性日益凸显,开展钕物质流分析,定量刻画钕元素在全产业链的物质流动过程,厘定潜在风险点,对于提升钕产业链供应链稳定性具有重要意义。本文基于物质流分析法构建了钕生命周期动态物质流分析模型,研究结果表明,中国钕以国内供应为主,其他来源的钕资源占比较少,但近年来钕稀土精矿进口量逐渐增加。随着国内经济发展,钕上游产品出口量减少,进口量增加;在产业链中游,钕主要用于生产钕铁硼永磁铁,2000年,消费领域占比90.28%,2022年,占比达到93.08%;在终端产品中,钕消费量由2000年的672 t增长到2022年的37896 t,增长了56.3倍。中国钕资源产业链完整,钕在用存量规模大,极具回收潜力,然而钕回收率较低,亟待提升回收利用技术水平,促进稀土行业的可持续发展。Neodymium(Nd)is a key rare earth metal element required in the process of green and low-carbon transformation of global energy,which is widely used in electronics,household appliances,wind turbines,automobile catalysts,traditional and new energy vehicles and other fields.The importance of neodymium is becoming more and more prominent.It is of great significance to carry out neodymium material flow analysis,quantitatively describe the material flow process of neodymium element in the whole industry chain,and determine potential risk points for improving the stability of neodymium industry chain supply chain.Based on the material flow analysis method,the dynamic material flow analysis model of neodymium in the life cycle is established.The study shows that the supply of neodymium in China is mainly from domestic sources,and the neodymium from other sources account for a relatively small proportion.However,the import of neodymium rare earth concentrates has gradually increased in recent years.With the development of domestic economy,the export volume of neodymium upstream products decreases and the import volume increases;in the middle of the industrial chain,neodymium is mainly used for the production of neodymium iron boron permanent magnet,accounting for 90.28%in 2000 and 93.08%in 2022;in the terminal products,neodymium consumption increases from 672 t in 2000 to 37896 t in 2022,an increase of 56.3 times.The neodymium resource industry chain in China is complete,and the neodymium in-use stock has a large scale and great recovery potential.However,the neodymium recovery rate is relatively low,so it is urgent to improve the recycling technology level and promote the sustainable development of the rare earth industry.

关 键 词：钕 物质流分析 生命周期 流量 在用存量 

分 类 号：TD-9[矿业工程]