近距离煤层采空区下厚煤层开采强矿压机理及控制研究  

Study on mechanism and control of strong ore pressure in mining thick coal seam under goaf in close coal seam

作　　者：孟凡林 王震 孙治豪 陈崇 陈志文 MENG Fanlin;WANG Zhen;SUN Zhihao;CHEN Chong;CHEN Zhiwen(Kuqa Kexing Coal Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Kuqa 842000,China;Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Coal Science Research Institute,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]库车市科兴煤炭实业有限责任公司,新疆库车842000 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区煤炭科学研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《中国矿业》2024年第9期130-138,共9页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目资助(编号:2022D01A116);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项资金项目资助(编号:2022B01034)。

摘　　要：针对近距离煤层采空区下W1701厚煤层工作面开采顶板强矿压现象,利用物理相似模拟实验、理论分析及数值模拟实验,研究了一次采全厚条件下W1701工作面顶板强矿压诱发机理及控制对策。研究结果表明:W1701工作面顶板受其上方“高位关键层(硬岩)-巨厚软弱岩组-低位关键层(硬岩)”覆岩结构破断运动影响,顶板呈现大周期、小周期来压变化,其中,低位关键层“砌体梁”结构性失稳形成小周期来压,巨厚软弱岩组纵向裂隙周期性贯通并发生台阶下沉,形成大周期来压,大周期来压造成工作面顶板支承压力跳跃式突增,支架载荷高达67248kN,是支架额定工作阻力的3.7倍,极易将整个工作面支架压死,并引发重大生产安全事故。对于准南煤矿此类近距离多煤层采空区下厚煤层不宜采用一次采全厚开采,宜采用分层开采,分层开采使得高位关键层、低位关键层之间的巨厚软弱岩组产生了分次破坏,工作面来压相对于一次采全厚有效缓和,能够有效避免工作面强矿压事故。Aiming at the phenomenon of strong ore pressure on the top of W1701 working face of thick coal seam under in close coal seam goaf,the induced mechanism and control measures of strong ore pressure on the top of W1701 working face under the condition of full thickness mining at one time are studied by physical similarity simulation experiment,theoretical analysis and numerical simulation experiment.The results show that the roof of W1701 working face is affected by the overlying rock structure breaking movement of“high key layer(hard rock)and extremely thick weak rock group and low key layer(hard rock)”above it,the roof presents large and small periodic pressure changes,in which the“masonry beam”of the low key layer is structurally unstable and forms small periodic pressure.The longitudinal cracks of the extremely thick weak rock group are periodically broken through and step subsidence occurs to form a large period of pressure,which causes a jump in the supporting pressure of the roof of the working face.The support load is as high as 67248 kN,which is 3.7 times the rated working resistance of the support.It is easy to crush the entire working face support and cause major production safety accidents.For the thick coal seam under the goaf of such close multi-coal seam in Zhunnan Coal Mine,and it is not suitable to adopt single mining with full thickness,instead,it is suitable to adopt stratified mining,which makes the extremely thick weak rock group between the high and low key layers produce fractional failure,and the pressure of the working face is greatly eased compared with the full thickness of a single mining,which can effectively avoid the strong ore pressure accident of the working face.

关 键 词：近距离煤层采空区 强矿压机理 厚煤层 巨厚软弱岩组 矿压控制 

分 类 号：TD322[矿业工程—矿井建设] TU459[建筑科学—岩土工程]