高温预处理联合生物炭堆肥产品对叶菜品质及有害物质累积的影响  

Effects of high-temperature pretreatment combined with biochar compost on the quality and hazardous substance accumulation in leafy vegetable

作　　者：王佳华 靳红梅[1,3] 冯彦房 朱宁[1,3,4] 申卫收 曹云 WANG Jia-hua;JIN Hong-mei;FENG Yan-fang;ZHU Ning;SHEN Wei-shou;CAO Yun(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210014,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210044,China;Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095,China;Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangze Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏南京210044 [3]江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心,江苏南京210095 [4]农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第8期1554-1567,共14页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：江苏省重点研发计划(社会发展)重大科技示范项目(BE2022788)。

摘　　要：【目的】集约化农业废弃物为主要原料的有机肥料中不同程度地存在有机、无机污染物,如何降低甚至避免污染物进入作物体内,对有机肥的安全利用意义重大。【方法】供试有机肥的主要原料为猪粪和麦秸,采用3种工艺制备了有机肥样品:常规堆肥(TC)、高温预处理堆肥(HTC)、高温预处理后添加生物炭堆肥(HTBC)。以生菜(Lactuca sativa)为材料进行了堆肥产品施用盆栽试验。在定植后50天取样,调查生菜叶片和根的鲜、干生物量。利用抖根法,采集根际土壤样品,分析叶片和根际土壤中重金属、抗生素含量及抗性基因(ARGs)的绝对丰度。同时,计算了生菜对重金属和抗生素的生物富集系数。【结果】与TC处理相比,HTC和HTBC处理分别增加生菜叶片鲜重9.2%和13.1%,提高可溶性蛋白质含量14.2%和8.3%,降低亚硝酸盐含量19.9%和19.4%;HTC和HTBC处理均能降低生菜叶片中重金属和抗生素含量以及ARGs绝对丰度,HTC处理降幅分别为6.0%~38.9%、22.4%~64.3%和41.6%~47.6%,HTBC处理降幅分别为13.8%~65.6%、33.0%~100.0%和59.2%~76.2%;HTC和HTBC处理的重金属富集系数分别降低8.7%~43.8%和8.0%~68.8%(Cd除外),HTC处理的磺胺类和四环素类抗生素富集系数分别降低14.5%~66.2%和4.5%~37.9%,而HTBC处理的降幅分别为33.4%~100.0%和34.2%~38.8%;在测定的11种抗生素中,HTBC可显著降低生菜根际土壤中9种抗生素的含量,而HTC只降低5种抗生素含量;在测定的6个ARGs亚型中,HTBC可显著降低5个ARGs的绝对丰度,而HTC只降低2个,HTBC对有害物质削减效果优于HTC。相关性分析结果表明,生菜叶片中重金属和抗生素含量以及ARGs的绝对丰度与根际土壤中对应污染物含量呈显著正相关。【结论】高温预处理联合生物炭添加堆肥工艺生产的有机肥可提高生菜产量与品质,同时降低根际土壤中的重金属和抗生素含量及ARGs丰度,进而减少了生菜的吸收和富集,有效削减生�【Objectives】Due to the intensive production of plants and animals,the organic fertilizer derived from the wastes contains a certain level of heavy metals and antibiotic contaminants inevitably.We studied the agronomic and environmental effects of compost from new composting of high-temperature pretreatment combined with biochar addition,in order to decrease or eliminate the potential organic and inorganic impacts on crops brought by compost application.【Methods】Pig manure and wheat straw were used as raw materials of the composting processes,and three composts were prepared for the pot experiment,conventional compost(TC),high-temperature pretreatment compost(HTC),and high-temperature pretreatment combined with biochar(10%,w/w)compost(HTBC).At 50 days of growth of the test crop lettuce(Lactuca sativa),the pot experiment was stopped for sampling.Lettuce plants were divided into leaves and roots,the rhizosphere soils were collected by shaking the roots slightly.The biomass of fresh and dry weight of lettuce leaves and roots were weighed,and quality of lettuce were measured.The contents of 6 heavy metals and 11 antibiotics,and the absolute abundance of 6 antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in leaves and rhizosphere soil were determined,and the bioconcentration factors of lettuce on heavy metals and antibiotics were calculated.【Results】Compared with TC,the application of HTC and HTBC increased the fresh weight of lettuce leaves by 9.2%and 13.1%,the soluble protein content by 14.2%and 8.3%,and decreased the nitrite content by 19.9%and 19.4%,respectively.Both HTC and HTBC application significantly reduced the contents of heavy metals in lettuce leaves by 6.0%-38.9%and 13.8%-65.6%,respectively,22.4%-64.3%and 33.0%-100.0%for antibiotics,and 41.6%-47.6%and 59.2%-76.2%for the absolute abundance of ARGs.The bioconcentration factors of heavy metals(except Cd)in HTC and HTBC decreased by 8.7%-43.8%and 8.0%-68.8%,respectively,compared with TC treatment.In HTC treatment,the bioconcentration factors of sulfonamide and te

关 键 词：新型堆肥工艺 叶菜 肥效 重金属 抗生素 抗生素抗性基因 

分 类 号：S63[农业科学—蔬菜学]