农地流转如何影响农业机械化——基于1878个水稻种植户的实证分析  

How Does the Transfer of Farmland Affect Agricultural Mechanization——Empirical Analysis Based on 1878 Rice Growers

作　　者：文乐 陈风波[1] 石敏[1] 孟婷[1] WEN Le;CHEN Feng-bo;SHI Min;MENG Ting(School of Economics and Management,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642;Rural Revitalization Laboratory,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学经济管理学院,广东广州510642 [2]华南农业大学乡村振兴实验室,广东广州510642

出　　处：《南方农村》2024年第4期33-43,共11页South China Rural Area

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(23&ZD112);教育部人文社科基金青年项目(23YJC790150);广东省哲学社会科学基金青年项目(GD22YYJ03);广东省自然科学基金区域联合项目(2020A1515110797);广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2022A1515011049);国家社科基金项目(20BGL183);广州市哲学社科规划2024年度课题(2024GZGJ36)。

摘　　要：在农业农村现代化不断推进的背景下,利用1878份南方水稻种植户调查数据,运用规模经济、农业分工和交易成本理论,探讨农地流转对水稻种植户机械化水平及其模式的影响。研究发现,农地流转显著提升了农业机械化水平,并促使机械化模式发生转变。利用农户产权安全感知度作为农地流转的工具变量,克服模型内生性,结果仍然稳健。具体而言,农户转入土地面积每增加一个百分点,其水稻种植机械化作业面积将增加0.386个百分点。同时,农户转入土地后自置农机的概率上升,而雇佣机耕和机收服务的概率下降,致使农机社会化服务市场转型。异质性分析表明,土地细碎化程度越高则更可能降低农地流转对农业机械化的正向影响;同时,中青年农户相比老年农户的农业生产机械化程度更高。为进一步推动小农户向现代农业转型,加快我国农业农村现代化进程,还需要加强土地产权保护、促进农地流转。Against the backdrop of the continuous advancement of agricultural and rural modernization,this study uses 1878 survey data from southern rice growers and applies theories of economies of scale,agricultural division of labor,and transaction costs to explore the impact of land transfer on the mechanization level and mode of rice growers.Research has found that the transfer of agricultural land significantly improves the level of agricultural mechanization and promotes a shift in mechanization models.By using farmers'perception of property rights security as an instrumental variable for agricultural land transfer and overcoming endogeneity in the model,the results remain robust.Specifically,for every one percentage point increase in land area transferred by farmers,their rice planting mechanization operation area will increase by 0.386 percentage points.At the same time,the probability of farmers owning their own agricultural machinery after transferring land has increased,while the probability of hiring machine plowing and harvesting services has decreased,leading to the transformation of the socialized service market for agricultural machinery.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the higher the degree of land fragmentation,the more likely it is to reduce the positive impact of agricultural land transfer on agricultural mechanization;Meanwhile,middle-aged and young farmers have a higher degree of agricultural mechanization compared to elderly farmers.To further promote the transformation of small farmers into modern agriculture and accelerate the modernization process of agriculture and rural areas in China,it is necessary to strengthen land property rights protection and promote the transfer of agricultural land.

关 键 词：土地流转 产权安全感知 农业机械化 社会化服务 

分 类 号：F301.1[经济管理—产业经济] F306.6