微咸水与沼液一体化灌溉对设施番茄干物质累积和产量品质的影响  

Effects of irrigation with brackish water and biogas slurry on dry matteraccumulation, yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes

作　　者：郑健[1,2,3] 刘俊彦 宿智鹏 王燕 ZHENG Jian;LIU Junyan;SU Zhipeng;WANG Yan(College of Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;Key Laboratory of Energy Supply System Drived by Biomass Energy and Solar Energy of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730050,China;China Northwestern Collaborative Innovation Center of Low-carbon Urbanization Technologies,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,兰州730050 [2]甘肃省太阳能与生物质互补多联供系统重点实验室,兰州730050 [3]西北低碳城镇支撑技术省部共建协同创新中心,兰州730050

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第9期1-11,共11页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51969012);甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-27,2021CYZC-33);济南市水务科技项目(JNSWKJ202206);2023年高校教师创新基金项目(2023B-431)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明微咸水与沼液一体化灌溉对设施番茄植株干物质累积、果实产量及品质的影响,获得适宜番茄生长发育的微咸水矿化度阈值。【方法】以设施番茄为研究对象,于2022年和2023年开展了两季大田试验,在番茄3个生育期(苗期、开花坐果期、成熟期)设置3个灌溉水矿化度(2、3、5 g/L),探求番茄干物质累积、产量、灌溉水利用效率、果实离子量和品质的响应规律,并采用主成分分析法和组合评价法分别对番茄果实品质及综合效益进行评价。【结果】苗期和开花坐果期使用5 g/L的微咸水与沼液一体化灌溉会抑制番茄各部位干物质量的增加;微咸水与沼液一体化灌溉均会降低番茄最终的产量,其降低主要是通过减少番茄单果质量来实现的,而对单株坐果数影响并不显著。但基于主成分分析法的番茄果实综合品质得分均有所提高;T4处理(苗期2g/L、开花坐果期3 g/L、成熟期5 g/L)番茄综合生产效益得分最高;各处理在一定程度上均降低了番茄果实对Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)的积累。【结论】基于组合评价法的番茄综合效益评价结果表明,在淡水资源紧缺微咸水资源丰富的地区,建议在番茄苗期使用2 g/L、开花坐果期使用3 g/L、成熟期使用5 g/L的微咸水与沼液一体化灌溉模式。【Objective】Brackish water has been used as a complementary resource for irrigation in regions that are scarce of freshwater.This paper investigates the effect of irrigation using combined brackish water and biogas slurry on dry matter accumulation,fruit yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes.【Method】The two-year experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2023.It consisted of three treatments by controlling salt concentration of the irrigation water at 2,35 g/L and 5 g/L respectively.The crop was irrigated using different combinations of these saline waters and biogas slurry at seedling,flowering and fruit development,and fruit ripening stage,respectively.The control was irrigation with freshwater.In each treatment,we measured dry matter accumulation,yield and quality of the fruits,irrigation water use efficiency,and fruit ion contents.The comprehensive fruit quality benefits to tomato production were evaluated using the principal component analysis method and the combination evaluation method.【Result】Irrigation using saline water with salt concentration of 5 g/L and biogas slurry at seedling,flowering and fruit development stages reduced dry matter accumulation in all tomato organs.Regardless of salt concentration of the irrigation water,irrigation using brackish water and biogas slurry reduced the ultimate fruit yield due to the decreased individual fruit quality rather than because of the number of fruit sets per plant.However,it improved fruit quality,contents of soluble sugar,titrable acid,soluble solid matter,vitamin C and soluble protein,and reduced the ratio of sugar to acid.Comprehensive quality parameter evaluation gave the highest score when salt content of the irrigating water did not exceed 2 g/L at the seedling stage,3 g/L at the flowering and fruit development stage,and 5 g/L at the fruit ripening stage.All treatments reduced the accumulation of Na^(+)and Ca^(2+)in the fruits,although the reduction varied with salt concentration of the irrigation water.【Conclusion】In regions where fresh

关 键 词：微咸水 沼液 设施番茄 干物质累积 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程] S641.2[农业科学—农业工程]