微咸地下水浅埋区膜下滴灌定额对棉花产量及水分利用效率的影响  

Influence of mulched drip irrigation amount on yield and water use efficiency ofcotton in regions with shallow saline groundwater

作　　者：常玉荣 李明思 李东伟[2] 许翼飞 张子航 CHANG Yurong;LI Mingsi;LI Dongwei;XU Yifei;ZHANG Zihang(College of Water Conservancy&Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China;Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453002,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832003 [2]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453002

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第9期12-24,共13页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900805);兵团财政科技计划项目(2021AB009)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明新疆微咸地下水浅埋区膜下滴灌棉花的灌溉定额对棉花产量及水分利用效率的影响。【方法】2022、2023年4—10月开展膜下滴灌棉花灌溉试验,设置300(W1)、375(W2)、450(W3)、525 mm(W4)共4个灌溉定额,研究灌溉定额对田间土壤水盐动态分布、地下水埋深和矿化度及棉花生长、产量、水分利用效率等的影响。【结果】①各处理土壤脱盐率均随滴灌灌溉定额的增大而增大,且W4处理60 cm土层内土壤总脱盐率为29.78%~58.19%;②随着灌溉定额增大,灌水加强了对地下水的补给作用,抬高地下水位,使地下水矿化度由6 g/L降低为4~5 g/L,有利于棉花对地下水的吸收利用。③随着灌溉定额的增大,棉花株高、叶面积指数、干物质累积量及产量均呈先增大后减小的趋势,其中W3处理下棉花生长指标最优,其籽棉理论产量达到7127.66 kg/hm^(2);但是水分利用效率随灌溉定额的增大而减小。【结论】450 mm是较为适宜的灌溉定额,虽然水分利用效率不高,但包括了改善田间生态环境、满足生态耗水量,保证作物正常生长。【Objective】Cotton production in Xinjiang relies on irrigation.However,in regions with shallow saline groundwater,managing irrigation to avoid soil salinity is crucial to sustaining cotton growth.The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the influence of mulched drip irrigation amount on cotton yield and water use efficiency of irrigation water in regions characterized by shallow saline groundwater.【Method】The experiment was conducted from April 2022 to October 2023.It compared four irrigation amounts:300 mm(W1),375 mm(W2),450 mm(W3)and 525 mm(W4).In each treatment,we measured spatiotemporal changes in soil water and soil salt content,groundwater table and ground salinity,as well as growth,yield and water-use efficiency of the cotton.【Result】①Soil desalination rate increased with irrigation amount.In the W4 treatment,the total soil desalination rate in the 60 cm soil layer varied from 29.78% to 58.19%.②Increasing irrigation amount increased groundwater recharge,but reduced groundwater salinity from 6 g/L to 4-5 g/L,benefiting groundwater utilization by the crop.③With the increase in irrigation amount,plant height,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation and yield of the cotton increased first followed by a decline.The growth index of cotton under W3 treatment was the best,with a potential yield of 7127.66 kg/hm^(2).Water use efficiency decreased with the increase in irrigation amount.【Conclusion】The optimal irrigation schedule for cotton under mulched drip irrigation in the studied area is 450 mm.Although its associated water use efficiency is not the highest,it improves ecological environment,meets ecological water consumption and safeguards crop growth.

关 键 词：微咸地下水埋深 灌溉定额 棉花水分利用效率 盐分淋洗 膜下滴灌 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程] S562[农业科学—农业工程] S275.6