灌水量对玉米抽雄—吐丝期光合特性及干物质积累的影响  

Effect of irrigation amount on photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation of maize in tasseling-silking stage

作　　者：陈宣伊 师晶晶 张向前 路战远 葛国龙 杜香玉 陈丽荣 郝永河 CHEN Xuanyi;SHI Jingjing;ZHANG Xiangqian;LU Zhanyuan;GE Guolong;DU Xiangyu;CHEN Lirong;HAO Yonghe(Inner Mongolia University,School of Life Sciences,Hohhot 010020,China;Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture&Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degraded Ecology Restoration and Pollution Control,Hohhot 010031,China;Mengcao Ecological Environment(Group)Co.,LTD,Hohhot 010070,China;Erdos Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center,Erdos 017200,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,呼和浩特010020 [2]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,呼和浩特010031 [3]内蒙古自治区退化生态修复与污染防治重点实验室,呼和浩特010031 [4]蒙草生态环境(集团)股份有限公司,呼和浩特010070 [5]鄂尔多斯市农牧技术推广中心,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017200

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第9期39-48,共10页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2022ZY0216);“科技兴蒙”行动重点专项(2021EEDSCXSFQZD011);2023年内蒙古自治区“草原英才”项目;内蒙古自治区科技领军人才团队项目(2022LJRC0010)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究灌水量对玉米抽雄—吐丝期光合作用能力的影响,明确光合特性指标与玉米干物质积累的相关性。【方法】以2018年在内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院试验基地开展的长期定位试验为基础,设置315 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(1))、645 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(2))、945 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(3))、1275 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(4))、1605 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(5))及雨养处理(W_(0))共6个灌水量,研究灌水量对玉米光合特性指标与干物质积累量影响,通过非直角双曲线模型拟合光响应曲线参数,探究不同灌水量下玉米抽雄—吐丝期光合特性指标及其与干物质积累的相关性。【结果】2019年,W_(3)处理叶片SPAD值仅低于W_(4)处理;2020年,W_(3)处理叶片SPAD值显著高于其他处理,较W_(4)、W_(2)、W_(1)、W_(5)、W_(0)处理分别增加3.96%、5.12%、11.10%、12.64%、19.90%;2019、2020年,W_(3)处理平均日净光合速率均最高;2019年,W_(3)处理茎、叶、穗干质量位于第二位,2020年W_(3)处理除穗干质量外其余指标均高于其他处理;W_(4)、W_(5)处理叶片光合作用与W_(3)处理无显著差异。【结论】在内蒙古中西部地区,全生育期降水量>365 mm时,采用945 m^(3)/hm^(2)的灌水量能有效提高玉米抽雄—吐丝期的光合效率,促进干物质积累,提高玉米产量。【Objective】Maize is a main staple crop cultivated in central and Northern China but it requires irrigation at certain stages during its growth.In this paper,we present the findings of an experimental study on the effect of irrigation amount on photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation of the crop during its tasseling-silking stage.【Method】The field experiment was conducted in the long-term experiment established in 2018 at the experimental base of the academy of agricultural and animal husbandry sciences of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.The experiment compared six irrigation amounts:315 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(1)),645 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(2)),945 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(3)),1275 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(4)),and 1605 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(5));the control was rain-fed(W_(0)).During the experiment,we measured photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation of the crop in each treatment.The photosynthetic characteristics and its correlation with dry matter accumulation were calculated by fitting the response curve parameters to a non-right-angle hyperbolic model.【Result】The leaf SPAD in W_(3) was lower only than that in W_(4) in 2019,but in 2020 it increased by 3.96%,5.12%,11.10%,12.64%and 19.90%,respectively,compared with that in W_(4),W_(2),W_(1),W_(5) and W_(0).In 2019 and 2020,the average daily net photosynthetic rate was the highest in W_(3),while in 2019,the dry weights of stems,leaves and ears in W_(3) were the second highest among all treatments.In 2020,the physiological indexes of the crop in W_(3) were higher than that in other treatments.There was no significant difference in leaf photosynthesis between W_(3),W_(4) and W_(5).【Conclusion】In central and western regions of Inner Mongolia,when the total rainfall during growing season of maize exceeded 365 mm,irrigating 945 m^(3)/hm^(2) of water can effectively improve photosynthetic efficiency of the maize during its tasseling-silking stage,promote dry matter accumulation and increase grain yield.

关 键 词：灌水量 玉米 光合日变化 光响应曲线 干物质量 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程] S513[农业科学—农业工程]