基于WHCNS模型的黄河流域麦田氮淋失与氨挥发模拟  

Modelling nitrogen leaching and ammonia volatilization from wither wheat fieldsin the Yellow River Basin using the WHCNS model

作　　者：马莉 崔宏伟 汪顺生[2] 田光照 MA Li;CUI Hongwei;WANG Shunsheng;TIAN Guangzhao(Zhaokou Sub-center of Henan Province East Yu Water Conservancy Protection Center,Kaifeng 475000,China;North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省豫东水利保障中心赵口分中心,河南开封475000 [2]华北水利水电大学,郑州450046

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第9期105-112,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52079051);河南省高校科技创新研究团队计划项目(24IRTSTHN012);河南省高校重点科研项目(22A570004,23A570006);华北水利水电大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2023XB280)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究WHCNS模型对黄河流域麦田土壤氮淋失与氨挥发模拟的适用性以及不同水氮处理对土壤氮淋失和氨挥发的影响。【方法】利用田间实测数据对WHCNS模型进行率定与验证,基于校验后的模型对冬小麦返青—成熟期土壤氮淋失、氨挥发进行模拟,采用CRITIC-TOPSIS法进行水氮优选。【结果】0~100 cm土层土壤含水率、硝态氮量和0~60 cm土层土壤氨态氮量的模拟值与实测值之间的一致性指数(d)和决定系数(R2)分别介于0.84~0.97和0.67~0.99。单次施氮后7 d内的土壤硝态氮累积淋失量随着灌水次数的增加呈先增加后降低的变化趋势。不同处理施氮后7 d内的氨挥发量占氨挥发总量的93.0%~98.2%。【结论】黄河流域冬小麦最优的水氮处理为施氮量220 kg/hm^(2),灌水下限70%θf;最优水氮处理下的冬小麦产量为8185.30 kg/hm^(2),土壤硝态氮淋失量为12 kg/hm^(2),氨挥发量为1.97 kg/hm^(2)。【Objective】Nitrogen leaching and ammonia volatilization are major pathways for nitrogen loss in agricultural systems,influenced by various factors.This study investigates the effect of water and nitrogen management practices on these nitrogen loss pathways in winter wheat fields in the Yellow River Basin.【Method】The WHCNS model was used in our study. Field-measured data were used to calibrate the model, which was thenused to simulate nitrogen leaching and ammonia volatilization during the greening and ripening stages of the winterwheat. The simulation results were analysed to optimize water and nitrogen management practices using theCRITIC-TOPSIS method.【Result】The consistency indices and coefficients of determination between thesimulated and measured soil water content, nitrate nitrogen and ammoniacal nitrogen in the 0-100 cm soil layervaried from 0.842 to 0.973 and 0.666 7 to 0.988 4, respectively. Following nitrogen fertilization, the cumulativenitrate nitrogen loss via leaching from the soil increased first and then decreased with the increase in the number ofirrigations in the first seven days after the fertilization. In the first seven days after the fertilization, ammoniavolatilization accounted for 93.0% to 98.2% of the total ammonia volatilization. Our simulated results showed thatthe optimal water and nitrogen management for winter wheat in the region was to apply 220 kg/hm^(2) of nitrogenfertilizer and keep soil water content in the root zone above 70% of the field capacity, achieving a grain yield of8 185.30 kg/hm^(2). The associated nitrate nitrogen loss was 12.011 kg/hm^(2) and ammonia volatilization was 1.969kg/hm^(2).【Conclusion】For winter wheat in the Yellow River Basin, the optimal irrigation and nitrogen fertilizationis to apply 220 kg/hm^(2) of nitrogen fertilizer and maintain soil moisture at no less than 70% of the field capacity.

关 键 词：冬小麦 WHCNS模型 氮淋失 氨挥发 

分 类 号：S175[农业科学—农业基础科学]