基于沙粒运动特性的分流对冲式滴头抗堵优化  

Optimization of anti-clogging for shunt-hedging dripper based on motion characteristics of sand particle

作　　者：秦程 吕德生[1,2,3] 王振华 刘宁宁[1,2,3] 张栋楠 李佳阳 QIN Cheng;LYU Desheng;WANG Zhenghua;LIU Ningning;ZHANG Dongnan;LI Jiayang(College of Water and Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Water Saving Irrigation of the Xinjiang Production&Construction Corps,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;Corps Industrial Technology Research Institute,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000 [3]兵团工业技术研究院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2024年第9期914-920,共7页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：兵团重大科技项目(2021AA003);兵团南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划项目(2020DB004);石河子大学创新发展专项(CXFZ201905)。

摘　　要：针对灌溉水源泥沙含量高导致灌水器易堵塞的难题,对分流对冲式滴灌灌水器开展抗堵塞优化研究.通过短周期浑水试验确定出易造成灌水器堵塞的沙粒敏感粒径区间,应用CFD模拟分析流道的流场分布和敏感粒径区间沙粒的运移特性,最后根据数值模拟结果划分出流道边壁中的敏感区域并据此开展结构优化.结果表明:沙粒粒径越大,跟随性越差,造成灌水器堵塞的进程越快,0.10 mm以上的沙粒极易造成灌水器的堵塞.流道边壁上存在敏感区域,沙粒与敏感区域发生碰撞后其运动方向会发生改变并进入旋涡区聚集,导致流道被堵塞的风险显著增加.针对流道边壁敏感区域开展结构优化可显著改善沙粒的运移特性,使沙粒能够顺畅通过灌水器内部的流道单元,优化后灌水器的水力性能降低1.5%,但其抗堵塞性能大幅提高30.0%~60.0%.基于沙粒运动特性提出的结构优化方案可为灌水器流道的抗堵优化设计提供参考.Aiming at the problem that the emitter was easy to be blocked due to the high sediment content in the irrigation water source,the optimization of anti-clogging for shunt-hedging drip irrigation emitters was carried out.The sensitive diameter ranges of sand particles that was easy to block the emitter was determined through the short-cycle anti-clogging tests.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method was applied to analyze the flow field distribution in the flow channel and the motion characteristics of sand particles within the sensitive diameter range.Finally,the sensitive areas in the flow channel boundary was divided according to the numerical simulation results,and the structure optimization was carried out.The results show that the larger the sand particle size,the worse its followability and the faster the process of blocking the emitters.Sand particles with a diameter greater than 0.10 mm can easily cause blockage of the emitter.There are sensitive areas on the boundary of the flow channel.When the sand particles collides with the sensitive areas,their movement direction will be changed and it will enter the vortex area to aggregate,resulting a significant increase in the risk of the flow channel blockage.The structure optimization aimed at the sensitive area improves the motion characteristics of sand particles.After optimization the hydraulic performance of the optimized emitter is slightly reduced by 1.5%,but its anti-clogging performance is greatly improved by 30.0%-60.0%.The structure optimization scheme based on the sand movement characteristics can provide a reference for the anti-clogging optimization design of the flow channel of the emitter.

关 键 词：分流对冲式灌水器 沙粒粒径 抗堵性能 水力性能 结构优化 

分 类 号：S277.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]