大直径偏心型文丘里施肥器优化设计与试验  

Optimization design and test of large diameter eccentric Venturi fertilizer injector

作　　者：贺向丽[1] 唐中 王鹏[1] HE Xiangli;TANG Zhong;WANG Peng(College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;PowerChina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited,Xi′an,Shaanxi 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2024年第9期957-964,共8页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1900803)。

摘　　要：为改善现有大直径文丘里施肥器的吸肥性能,对其进行结构优化设计.基于大直径对称型文丘里施肥器(M型),对其改造设计为偏心型文丘里施肥器(P型).采用正交设计方法,应用数值模拟技术,以吸肥效率为评价指标确定P型文丘里施肥器最优结构参数组合,并对2种施肥器进行试验测试和数值模拟对比分析.结果表明最优结构参数组合为喉管进口直径17 mm、扩散角3°、喉管出口直径20 mm、喉管凹槽宽度4 mm、喉管直线段长度16.6 mm、喉管凹槽直径27 mm、收缩角23.5°.通过试验测试对比分析,经结构优化后的P型施肥器较M型施肥器的最大吸肥流量提高了21.4%;在进口压力为0.25 MPa时,最大吸肥浓度提升了约30.7%,最大吸肥效率提升了约13.9%.流场分析表明,相较于M型施肥器,在相同的压差条件下,P型施肥器更不容易产生空化,并且P型文丘里施肥器流态更加稳定,能量损失更小.可见优化后的偏心型文丘里施肥器能提高吸肥性能.In order to improve the fertilizer absorption performance of the existing large diameter Venturi fertilizer injectors,the structure optimization design was carried out.Based on the large diameter symmetrical Venturi fertilizer injector(M-type),it was modified and designed as an eccentric Venturi fertilizer injector(P-type).Orthogonal design method and numerical simulation technology were applied,and the absorption efficiency was used as the evaluation index to determine the optimal combination of structural parameters of the eccentric Venturi injector.Experimental testing and numerical simulation comparative analysis were conducted on two types of fertilizer applicators.The result shows that the optimal combination of structural parameters is a throat inlet diameter d 1(17 mm),a diffusion angleβ(3°),a throat outlet diameter d 2(20 mm),a straight section length L 2(16.6 mm),a throat groove diameter d(27 mm),a throat groove width L 1(4 mm)and a contraction angleα(23.5°).Through experimental tests and comparative analysis,it is found that the optimized P-type injector increases the maximum fertilizer absorption flow rate by 21.4%compared to the maximum suction flow of the M-type injector.When the inlet pressure is 0.25 MPa,the maximum fertilizer absorption concentration is increased by about 30.7%,and its maximum fertilizer absorption efficiency is increased by about 13.9%.Flow field analysis shows that compared with the M-type fertilizer injector,the P-type injector is less prone to cavitation under the same pressure difference,and the flow pattern of the P-type Venturi injector is more stable and its energy loss is smaller.The preceding research demonstrates that the optimized eccentric Venturi fertilizer injector can improve the fertilizer absorption performance.

关 键 词：偏心型文丘里施肥器 结构优化 正交设计 吸肥性能 

分 类 号：S224.21[农业科学—农业机械化工程]