滴灌无机肥配施水溶性有机肥对大棚生菜产量和品质的影响  

Effect of Drip Irrigation Combined With Water-soluble Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Lettuce in Greenhouse

作　　者：任宇泽 申丽霞[1] 刘淑慧[1] 尹航 续佳浩 REN Yu-ze;SHEN Li-xia;LIU Shu-hui;YIN Hang;XU Jia-hao(College of Water Conservancy and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院,太原030024

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2024年第9期96-103,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：山西省自然科学基金资助项目(202103021224093,202103021224118);山西省重点研发计划项目(202302140601009)。

摘　　要：为探究无机肥配施水溶性有机肥对大棚生菜生长、产量和品质的影响,以生菜为试验材料,研究CK(不施肥)、T1低浓度无机肥(N 160 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)80 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 80 kg/hm^(2))、T2中浓度无机肥(N 320 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)160 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 160 kg/hm^(2))、T3高浓度无机肥(N 480 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)240 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 240 kg/hm^(2))、T4低浓度无机肥+低浓度水溶性生物有机肥(300 kg/hm^(2))、T5低浓度无机肥+中浓度水溶性生物有机肥(600 kg/hm^(2))、T6低浓度无机肥+高浓度水溶性生物有机肥(900 kg/hm^(2))对生菜生长的影响,对生菜的株高、茎粗、最大叶面积、单株鲜重、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、产量、灌溉水分生产率、偏肥生产率、硝酸盐含量、VC含量、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量等进行监测分析,并采用隶属函数法进行综合评价进一步确定适宜生菜生长的施肥模式。结果表明:无论是单施无机肥还是无机肥配施水溶性生物有机肥,都可以显著提高生菜的株高、最大叶面积、单株鲜重、SPAD值和产量。在生菜品质方面,单施无机肥会增加生菜硝酸盐的含量,生菜的VC含量、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量均低于无机肥配施水溶性生物有机肥条件下的生菜品质指标。通过采用隶属函数值分析法,对上述指标进行综合分析,得出T6是最好的配施方式,是最适宜滴灌大棚生菜生长的施肥模式,较对照组CK相比,产量提高了28.81%,VC含量提高了30.45%,可溶性蛋白含量提高了25%,可溶性糖含量提高了39.10%。本试验可以实现无机肥减量增效,缓解农业污染,达到节水节肥保护生态环境的目的,同时可为山西省大棚生菜生产模式下的施肥模式提供一定理论依据。To investigate the effects of inorganic fertilizer combined with water-soluble organic fertilizer on the growth,yield,and quality of greenhouse lettuce,lettuce was used as the experimental material.Seven different fertilization treatments on lettuce growth were applied.The fertilization treatments were CK(no fertilization),T1 low concentration inorganic fertilizer(N 160 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)80 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 80 kg/hm^(2)),T2 medium concentration inorganic fertilizer(N 320 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)160 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 160 kg/hm^(2)),T3 high concentration inorganic fertilizer(N 480 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)240 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 240 kg/hm^(2)),T4 low concentration inorganic fertilizer+low concentration water-soluble bio organic fertilizer(300 kg/hm^(2)),T5 low concentration inorganic fertilizer+medium concentration water-soluble bio organic fertilizer(600 kg/hm^(2)),T6 concentration inorganic fertilizer+high concentration water-soluble bio organic fertilizer(900 kg/hm^(2)),respectively.Besides,various parameters were measured,including plant height,stem diameter,maximum leaf area,fresh weight per plant,relative chlorophyll content(SPAD value),yield,irrigation water productivity,partial fertilizer productivity,nitrate content,VC content,soluble protein content,and soluble sugar content of lettuce.Finally,the suitable fertilization mode for lettuce growth was further determined through comprehensive evaluation using membership function method.The results indicated that the application of inorganic fertilizer alone,as well as the combination of inorganic fertilizer and water-soluble bio organic fertilizer,both led to significant improvements in plant height,maximum leaf area,fresh weight per plant,SPAD value,and yield of lettuce.In terms of lettuce quality,the application of inorganic fertilizer alone resulted in an increase in nitrate content.However,under the condition of combining inorganic fertilizer with water-soluble bio organic fertilizer,the VC content,soluble protein content,and soluble sugar content of lettuce were all

关 键 词：滴灌 生菜 无机肥减施 水溶性生物有机肥 蔬菜品质 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]