河套灌区垄膜沟灌不同灌水量对土壤水氮迁移转化的影响  

Effects of Different Irrigation Amounts on Soil Water and Nitrogen Migration and Transformation Under Ridge with Film Mulching and Furrow Irrigation in Hetao Irrigation District

作　　者：胡逸芸 詹祥生 罗帅 冯浩[1,2] 董勤各 HU Yi-yun;ZHAN Xiang-sheng;LUO Shuai;FENG Hao;DONG Qin-ge(College of Water Resource and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Ministry of Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water and Soil Engineering in Arid Area,Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2024年第9期104-112,共9页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51609237,51879224);国家“十三五”重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400205)。

摘　　要：在引黄配额减少情况下,节水优先、减少污染和稳定粮食产量势必成为河套灌区未来的发展方向。垄膜沟灌方式具有提高水肥利用效率的功能,但其节水保肥增产机理尚不明确。因此,通过在河套灌区进行5个灌水量的垄膜沟灌春玉米田田间试验(T1,200 mm;T2,275 mm;T3,350 mm;T4,425 mm,T5,500mm),探讨不同灌水量下的土壤水分、土壤硝态氮及土壤铵态氮迁移转化特征。结果表明:土壤耗水量从T1处理的326.8 mm随灌溉定额的增加线性增加到T5处理的487.1mm;T2与T3处理下收获时硝态氮贮量高于播种前,保肥能力强;T3处理的春玉米籽粒氮含量显著高于其他处理;T3处理与T4和T5处理的春玉米产量无显著差异;T3处理与T1和T2处理的春玉米氮素利用效率无显著差异;春玉米水分利用效率则随灌溉定额的增加呈先增加后减少趋势。综上,垄膜沟灌下350mm灌溉定额可有效提升春玉米的水氮利用效率,并在节水保肥增产的基础上提升春玉米籽粒品质。With the reduction of water quota,the priority of water saving,reduction of pollution and stabilization of grain yield are bound to be the future development direction of Hetao Irrigation District(HID).Ridge with film mulching and furrow irrigation(RMFI)can improve water and fertilizer utilization efficiency,but the mechanisms of water saving and yield increase are not clear.Therefore,spring maize irrigation experiment of five irrigation levels(T1,200 mm;T2,275 mm;T3,350 mm;T4,425 mm;T5,500 mm)with RMFI was carried out in HID to study the migration and transformation characteristics of soil water,soil nitrate nitrogen,and soil ammonium nitrogen under different irrigation amounts.The results showed that soil water consumption increased linearly with increasing irrigation amount from 326.8 mm in T1 treatment to 487.1 mm in T5 treatment.The nitrate nitrogen storage at harvest under T2 and T3 treatments was higher than that before sowing,and the fertilizer retention capacity was high.The N content of spring maize kernels in T3 treatment was significantly higher than that in the other treatments.There was no significant difference in grain yield and nitrogen uptake between T3 and T4,T5 treatments.There was no significant difference in nitrogen use efficiency between T3 and T1,T2 treatments.Water use efficiency initially increased and then decreased with increasing irrigation quota.In conclusion,an irrigation amount of 350 mm with RMFI can effectively improve water use efficiency and grain quality of spring maize while saving water,maintaining fertilizer,and increasing yield,contributing to high-quality agricultural development in HID.

关 键 词：河套灌区 垄膜沟灌 水分运移 土壤硝态氮 土壤铵态氮 节水保肥 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学] S274[农业科学—农业基础科学] Q143[生物学—生态学]