清代前中期的城市自治——以苏州的考察为例  

City Autonomy in the Middle Qing Dynasty:A Case Study of Suzhou

作　　者：周执前 ZHOU Zhiqian(School of Law,Changsha University,Changsha,Hunan 410022,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙学院法学院,长沙410022

出　　处：《城市学刊》2024年第3期57-63,共7页Journal of Urban Studies

基　　金：湖南省社会科学成果评审委员会课题(XSP22YBZ106)。

摘　　要：由于受韦伯中国城市观的影响,过去很长一段时间认为传统中国不存在城市自治。实际上,中国古代尤其是到了传统社会后期,城市也实行了一定程度的自治,特别是在工商业较为发达的城市。苏州作为清代前中期工商业城市的典型代表,经济发达、人口众多,因而城市管理任务繁重,但政府对城市的管理与城市的发展不相适应。在这种情况下,苏州城市的许多民间组织如会馆、公所、慈善组织等承担起了城市经济管理、城市社会保障、社会治安管理和市政管理职能,苏州城市存在一定程度的自治,但这种自治与欧洲中世纪城市自治的性质完全不同。Influenced by Weiber's view of Chinese cities,it has long been believed that urban autonomy does not exist in traditional China.In fact,in ancient China,especially in the late period of the traditional society,cities also practiced a certain degree of autonomy,especially in the more developed cities of Industry and commerce.As a typical representative of the industrial and commercial cities in the middle and early Qing Dynasty,Suzhou is economically developed and has a large population,so the management of urban is a heavy task.Whereas,the government's management of the city is not compatible with the development of the city.In this case,many non-governmental organizations in Suzhou,such as guilds,public offices and charitable organizations,have undertaken the functions of urban economic management,urban social security,social security management and municipal management.Suzhou has a certain degree of autonomy,but this kind of autonomy is completely different from that of the medieval cities in Europe.

关 键 词：清代前中期 城市自治 苏州 

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