生物炭辅配硫酸铵对土壤氮素淋溶的影响  

Effect of biochar combined with ammonium sulfate on nitrogen release performance in soil

作　　者：闫双堆[1,2] 郭探文 韩莹 刘宇 江慧姝 张延慧 闫秋艳 YAN Shuangdui;GUO Tanwen;HAN Ying;LIU Yu;JIANG Huishu;ZHANG Yanhui;YAN Qiuyan(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;Institute of Wheat Research,Shanxi Agricultural University,Linfen 041000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,太谷030801 [2]山西农业大学农业资源与环境国家级实验教学示范中心,太谷030801 [3]山西农业大学小麦研究所,临汾041000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第16期94-102,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划项目(201803D221003-2);山西农业大学博士启动计划项目(2022BQ37);肥料创制横向课题(2023HX188)。

摘　　要：为探究添加生物炭对硫酸铵肥料中氮素释放性能的影响。通过土柱淋溶模拟试验研究不同炭肥比(1∶3、1∶4、1∶5)下制备的生物炭-硫酸铵肥料(BC-AS_(1/3)、BC-AS_(1/4)、BC-AS_(1/5))的氮素淋失特征。结果表明:1)添加生物炭能够有效吸附硫酸铵肥料,减缓硫酸铵的氮素释放速率。3种不同炭肥比下,BC-AS1/4处理的生物炭-硫酸铵颗粒表面最为光滑紧密,成型性最好;2)与常规硫酸铵处理AS相比,不同炭肥处理均显著改善了土壤保水保肥性能,减少了土壤无机氮淋失。其中BC-AS(1/4)处理的铵、硝态氮累积淋出量相较于AS处理分别降低80.83%、11.56%,表现出最小的淋出速率和累积淋失量,缓释效果最好;3)相较于常规硫酸铵处理AS,不同炭肥处理均提高了土柱土壤氮素累积。其中BC-AS1/4处理表现出最好的养分固持效果;4)各土层土壤有机碳含量与土壤全氮呈正相关关系,生物炭-硫酸铵肥料中碳的投入能够有效提高土壤养分的持有能力。综上,生物炭-硫酸铵肥料能够有效减缓氮素释放速率,减少氮素养分淋失,提高土壤养分持有能力,有利于提高肥料利用效率。其中炭肥比为1∶4时生物炭与硫酸铵结合效果最好,表现出最佳的缓释效果及培肥特征。Biochar-based fertilizers can be prepared to mix or compound with the fertilizers and biochar as a carrier.The nutrients can also be provided for the crops.The function of slow-release to conventional fertilizers can also reduce the soil nutrient leaching,in order to improve the efficiency of fertilizer utilization.However,urea is normally used as the nitrogen-supplying fertilizer in most biochar-based fertilizers at present.Only a few studies have reported on biochar-based fertilizers for ammonium sulphate.This study aims to investigate the effect of biochar addition on the nitrogen slow-release performance of ammonium sulfate fertilizer.Soil nitrogen loss and soil nutrient sequestration were determined by soil column leaching simulation.Fourier infrared(FIR)spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)were used to observe the surface morphology and structure of biochar-ammonium sulfate fertilizer.A systematic investigation was made on the nitrogen loss of biochar-ammonium sulfate fertilizers(BC-AS1/3,BC-AS1/4,BC-AS1/5)that were prepared under different charcoal-fertilizer ratios(the mass ratios of biochar to ammonium sulfate fertilizer were 1:3,1:4 and 1:5).The results showed that:1)Addition of biochar was effectively adsorbed the ammonium sulfate fertilizer,and then slowed down the nitrogen release rate of ammonium sulfate.According to the three charcoal-fertilizer ratios,the BC-AS1/4 treatment shared the smoothest and tightest surface structure,while the combination of biochar and ammonium sulfate had the best molding properties.2)Compared with the conventional ammonium sulfate treatment AS,the different biochar-ammonium sulphate treatments significantly improved the soil water and fertilizer retention performance,but reduced the soil inorganic nitrogen leaching.Among them,the cumulative ammonium and nitrate nitrogen leaching of BC-AS1/4 treatment was reduced by 80.83% and 11.56%,respectively,compared with the AS treatment,which showed the smallest leaching rate and cumulative leaching amount,and the bes

关 键 词：生物炭 氮素 淋溶 硫酸铵 炭肥比 缓释性能 

分 类 号：F767.1[经济管理—产业经济] S14[农业科学—肥料学]