免耕技术对三大粮食作物的区域产量效应及其影响因素的Meta分析  

Influencing factors of no-tillage on the regional yield of wheat, maize, and rice using Meta-analysis

作　　者：王雪[1,2] 佟丙辛 李长青 孙志梅 WANG Xue;TONG Bingxin;LI Changqing;SUN Zhimei(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecology and Environment of Hebei Province,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,保定071000 [2]河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,保定071000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第16期133-142,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：十四五国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901004-2)。

摘　　要：免耕是保护性耕作的核心技术之一,了解免耕对中国粮食作物产量的影响对于保障国家粮食安全和推广应用免耕技术具有重要意义。该研究通过收集整理1995—2023年间国内外公开发表的文献数据,以传统耕作(翻耕、旋耕、耙耕,深度<18 cm)为对照,应用Meta分析方法,定量研究了免耕对中国三大粮食作物产量及产量构成的总体和区域影响,并对其影响因素进行了解析。结果表明:1)在全国范围内,免耕对小麦、玉米和水稻三大粮食作物的产量影响均不显著,但按区域分析,免耕分别显著提高了西南和西北区4.1%和2.2%的小麦产量,显著降低了东北、西北和东南区2.4%、2.6%和3.5%的玉米产量,显著降低了东南区1.0%的水稻产量,而对华北区的小麦、玉米产量以及对其他区域的小麦和水稻产量影响均不明显。2)免耕提高或降低作物的产量效应主要是显著提高或降低了有效穗数的结果,而对穗粒数和千粒质量影响相对较小。3)年均降水量是造成免耕小麦和玉米产量区域性差异的主要因素,贡献度分别为12.7%和13.6%,土壤有机碳含量是影响免耕水稻产量区域性差异的主要因素,贡献度为16.2%。在年均温度≤10℃、年均降水量≤400 mm、土壤养分含量较低(有机碳含量≤10 g/kg、全氮含量≤1 g/kg)的西北区,免耕显著增加了一年一熟制和连作种植下的小麦产量。较低年均降水量(≤400 mm)虽然能促进西北区玉米产量的提升,但该区较高的土壤pH(pH>8)及一年一熟或两年三熟的玉米种植模式,均会导致免耕玉米产量的显著降低;东北区和东南区玉米产量的降低则又分别受低温(≤10℃)和高温(>15℃)的影响。较高的年均降水量(>800 mm)、土壤养分含量(有机碳含量>15 g/kg、全氮含量>1.5 g/kg)和氮、钾肥投入量综合影响东南区免耕水稻的产量效应。因此,免耕技术的应用需要综合考虑作物类型、区域气候、土�No-tillage is one of the most important technologies in conservation agriculture.It is also crucial to understand the impact of no-tillage on grain crop yields,in order to promote the no-tillage application for food security.In this study,a meta-analysis was carried out to determine the regional yield and influencing factors of no-tillage on the three major crops in China.The data was collected from the published literature in Chinese(English)between 1995 and 2023.Conventional tillage(plowing,rotary tillage,or harrowing,depth<18 cm)was taken as a control.Meta-analysis was employed to quantitatively investigate the overall and regional effects of no-tillage on the yield and yield components of three major grain crops(wheat,maize,and rice).Results showed that there was no significant effect of no-tillage on the regional yields of wheat,maize,and rice on the national scale.However,the regional analysis revealed that the no-tillage significantly increased the wheat yield by 4.1% and 2.2% in the Southwest and Northwest,respectively.There was a significant decrease in the maize yield by 2.4%,2.6%,and 3.5% in the Northeast,Northwest,and Southeast,respectively.The rice yield was reduced by 1.0%in the Southeast.No significant effects were observed on the wheat and maize yields in North China,or on the wheat and rice yield in the rest regions.The yield components showed that the primary yield effect of no-tillage was attributed to the variation in the effective spikes.The influencing factors were examined on the regional crop yield.The mean annual precipitation was the main contributor to the wheat and maize yield,with the contribution rates of 12.7%and 13.6%,respectively.Soil organic carbon(SOC)content was the primary influencing factor(approximately 16.2%)on regional rice yield under no-tillage.The northwest region was characterized by mean annual temperatures<10°C,annual precipitation<400 mm,and low soil nutrient content(SOC<10 g/kg,and total nitrogen<1 g/kg).Furthermore,no-tillage significantly increased the wheat yie

关 键 词：免耕 作物产量 产量构成 META分析 

分 类 号：S222[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S521-523[农业科学—农业工程]